OC构造方法与类方法

 

#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>

 

@interface Book : NSObject

{

    NSString *_name;

    float _price;

}

 

//构造方法也叫初始化方法：初始化alloc创建的对象，把对象清0，给对象的实例变量赋值；

//带参数的构造方法必须以 initWithXXX 开头， w必须大写

 

//不带参数

- (id)init;

 

//带一个参数

- (id)initWithName:(NSString *)name;

- (id)initWithPrice:(float)price;

 

//带有两个参数

- (id)initWithName:(NSString *)name andPrice:(float)price;

 

 

//类方法创建对象

//不带参数的类方法

+ (id)bookCreat;

+ (id)bookCreatWithName:(NSString *)name;

+ (id)bookCreatWithName:(NSString *)name andPrice:(float)price;

 

 

//getter方法

 

- (NSString *)name;

- (float)price;

 

@end

 

 

@implementation Book

 

//实例方法，给类的实例调用

//self在实例方法中，指向类的实例（调用者）

- (id)init

{

    self = [super init];//super是编译器符号，通过super关键字可以调用父类的方法

    //先初始化父类的实例变量

    if(self)//判断父类的实例变量是否初始化成功

    {

        //初始化自定义实例变量

        _name = @"三国";

        _price = 34.50;

        

    }

    

    return self;

}

 

- (id)initWithName:(NSString *)name

{

    self = [super init];

    if (self) {

        _name = name;

    }

    return self;

}

 

- (id)initWithPrice:(float)price

{

    if (self = [super init]) {

        _price = price;

    }

    return self;

}

 

- (id)initWithName:(NSString *)name andPrice:(float)price

{

    if (self = [super init]) {

        _name = name;

        _price = price;

    }

    return self;

}

 

- (NSString *)name

{

    return _name;

}

 

- (float)price

{

    return _price;

}

 

//类方法

+ (id)bookCreat

{

    Book *book = [[Book alloc] init];

    return book;

}

 

+ (id)bookCreatWithName:(NSString *)name

{

    //self在类方法里面，代表的是当前类

    return [[self alloc] initWithName:name];

}

 

+ (id)bookCreatWithName:(NSString *)name andPrice:(float)price

{

    //return [[self alloc] initWithName:name andPrice:price];

    id book = [[self alloc] init];

    ((Book *)book)->_name = name;

    ((Book *)book)->_price = price;

    return book;

    

}

@end

 

 

int main(int argc, const char * argv[]) {

    @autoreleasepool {

        Book *book1 = [[Book alloc] init];

        NSLog(@"bookName = %@, price = %.2f", [book1 name], [book1 price]);

        

        Book *book2 = [[Book alloc] initWithName:@"红楼梦" andPrice:54.60];

        NSLog(@"bookname = %@, price = %.2f", [book2 name], [book2 price]);

        

        //创建的对象只能使用一次构造方法，不能对创建的对象同时使用多个构造方法

        

        //类方法创建出的对象不需要再调用构造方法进行初始化

        //类方法只能给类本身调用，不能给类的实例调用

        Book *book3 = [Book bookCreat];

        NSLog(@"bookname = %@, price = %.2f", [book3 name], [book3 price]);

        

        Book *book4 = [Book bookCreatWithName:@"百年孤独"];

        NSLog(@"bookname = %@, price = %.2f", [book4 name], [book4 price]);

        

        Book *book5 = [Book bookCreatWithName:@"百年孤独" andPrice:23.6];

        NSLog(@"bookname = %@, price = %.2f", [book5 name], [book5 price]);

        

        

    }

    return 0;

}