字符串

1. 字符串拷贝：

#include<stdio.h>
#include<string.h>
#include<stdlib.h>

void MyStrcpy1(char *des, const char *src)//des为目标
{
	int i;
	for (i = 0; src[i] != '\0'; i++)
	{
		des[i] = src[i];
	}
	des[i] = '\0';
}
void MyStrcpy2(char *des, const char *src)
{
	while (*src != '\0')
	{
		*des = *src;
		*src++;
		*des++;
	}
	*des = '\0';
}
void MyStrcpy3(char *des, const char *src)
{
	while (*src != '\0')
	{
		*des++ = *src++;
	}
	*des = '\0';
}
void MyStrcpy4(char *des, const char *src)//不安全，会越界
{
	while (*des++ = *src++);
}
char *MyStrcpy5(char *des, const char *src)//不安全，会越界
{
	char *p = des;
	while (*des++ = *src++);
	return p;
}

int main()
{
   char *str1 = "hello";
   char str2[10] = "abcde";
   //char *str2 = "abcde"//注意 str2 为指针，4字节，等号右边为 字符串常量，在使用传递时要注意
   printf("%s\n", str2);//原本的str2
   MyStrcpy1(str2, str1);//1
   printf("%s\n", str2);
   MyStrcpy2(str2, str1);//2
   printf("%s\n", str2);
   MyStrcpy3(str2, str1);//3
   printf("%s\n", str2);
   MyStrcpy4(str2, str1);//4
   printf("%s\n", str2);
   MyStrcpy4(str2, str1);//5
   printf("%s\n", str2);
   strcpy_s(str2, str1);//库函数
   printf("%s\n", str2);
}

2. printf()函数的返回值为int类型

#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{ //printf返回值为int类型
	printf("%d\n", printf("%d", 123));
	printf("%d\n", printf("%d\t", 123));
	printf("%d\n", printf("%d", printf("%d", 54)));
	return 0;
}

3. 计算字符串长度

#include<stdio.h>
#include<string.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#include<assert.h>

int Mystrlen(const char *p)
{
	assert(p != NULL);//断言
	int count = 0;
	while (*p != '\0')
	{
		count++;
		p++;
	}
	return count;
}

int main()
{
  printf("%d\n", strlen("a\0"));
  printf("%d\n", strlen(""));
  printf("%d\n", strlen("abcde"));//三个测试得到库函数计算字符串长度不计算字符串最后的'\0' 
  char *str1 = "abcde";
  printf("%d\n", strlen(str1));//strlen库函数
  printf("%d\n", Mystrlen(str1));
  return 0;
}

4. 字符串连接

#include<stdio.h>
#include<string.h>
#include<stdlib.h>

char *Mystrcat(char * str1, const char *str2)//连接
{
	while (*str1 != '\0')
	{
		str1++;
	}
	while (*str2 != '\0')
	{
		*str1++ = *str2++;
	}
	*str1 = '\0';
	return str1;
}

int main()
{
	char str1[10] = "abcd";//设置个大小
	char *str2 = "xyz";
	printf("%s\n", str1);//连接之前的显示
	Mystrcat(str1, str2);//连接
	printf("%s\n", str1);
}

5. 最长单词

#include<stdio.h>
#include<string.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#include<ctype.h>

char *MaxWord(const char *str)
{
	int len = strlen(str);
	char *curstr = (char *)malloc((len + 1)*sizeof(char));
	char *maxstr = (char *)malloc((len + 1)*sizeof(char));
	int cur = 0;
	int max = 0;

	while (*str != '\0')
	{
		if (isalpha(*str))//isalpha()包含在ctype.h
		{
			curstr[cur++] = *str;
		}
		else
		{
			if (cur > max)
			{
				curstr[cur] = '\0';
				strcpy(maxstr, curstr);
				max = cur;
			}
			cur = 0;
		}
		str++;
	}
	free(curstr);
	return maxstr;
}

int main()
{
	char *p = MaxWord("adf adfoiewir adsjfafd ");
	printf("%s\n", p);
	free(p);
	return 0;
}

6.  数字转为字符串

#include<stdio.h>

void ReverseStr(char *str)
{
	char *p = str;
	while (*p != '\0')
	{
		p++;
	}
	char tmp;
	for (p--; str<p; str++, p--)
	{
		tmp = *str;
		*str = *p;
		*p = tmp;
	}
}
void Myitoa(char *str, int num)//数转串
{
	int i = 0;
	do{
		str[i] = num % 10 + '0'; //取数最后一位
		i++;
		num /= 10;  //去数最后一位
	} while (num != 0);
	
	str[i] = '\0';  //得到的是12345 的逆序 54321
	ReverseStr(str); //让逆序正序
}

int main()
{
	char str1[10] = "abcd";//设置个大小
	printf("%s\n", str1);
	int a = 12345;
	Myitoa(str1, a);//数字12345转化为字符串"12345"
	printf("%s\n", str1);
	return 0;
}

7.  字符串转为数字

#include<stdio.h>
#include<ctype.h>

int Myatoi(const char *str)//串转数
{
	int tmp = 0;
	while (isdigit(*str))//isdigi()在文件ctype.h 中
	{
		tmp = tmp * 10 + (*str - '0');
		str++;
	}
	return tmp;
}

int main()
{
	int d = Myatoi("12a1");//字符转为数字，例如：a123->0 || 12a3->12
	printf("%d\n", d);
	return 0;
}