很多时候我们都会谈到线程不安全的情况.由于cpu的执行速度太快,出现了几个线程争夺一个资源的情况,进而引发一系列的问题.
比如说,买票不安全,银行取钱不安全,甚至面试会问的ArrayList在线程中安不安全,答案肯定是否定的,毕竟会出现数据覆盖的问题.
下面列举三种不安全的代码
买票不安全,几个人买到了同一张票:
package com.qiu.syn;
//不安全的买票
//线程不安全,有拿到重复的票
public class UnSafeBuyTicket {
public static void main(String[] args) {
BuyTicket station = new BuyTicket();
new Thread(station,"我").start();
new Thread(station,"你").start();
new Thread(station,"黄牛").start();
}
}
class BuyTicket implements Runnable{
private int TicketNums= 10;
boolean flag =true;//标志位,外部停止方式
@Override
public void run() {
//买票
while(flag){
try {
buy();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
private void buy() throws InterruptedException {
//判断是否又有票
if (TicketNums<1){
flag =false;
return;
}
Thread.sleep(100);
//买票
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"拿到了"+TicketNums--);
}
}
银行取钱不安全:比如总数100,你取50,她取100,结果余额会变成-50.
代码:
package com.qiu.syn;
//不安全的取钱
//两个人去银行里面取钱
public class UnSafeBank {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//账户
Account account = new Account(100,"装修的钱");
Drawing me = new Drawing(account,50,"我");
Drawing you = new Drawing(account,100,"你");
me.start();
you.start();
}
}
//账户
class Account{
int money;
String name;
public Account(int money,String name) {
this.money = money;
this.name = name;
}
}
//银行:模拟取款
class Drawing extends Thread{
Account account;//账户
//取了多少钱
int drawingMoney;
//现在手里还有多少钱
int nowMoney;
public Drawing(Account account,int drawingMoney,String name){
super(name);//调用父类的名字,就是当前线程的名字
this.account=account;
this.drawingMoney=drawingMoney;
}
@Override
public void run() {
//判断有没有钱
if (account.money-drawingMoney<0){
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"钱不够,取不了");
}
try {//放大问题的发生性
Thread.sleep(1000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
//卡内余额
account.money= account.money-drawingMoney;
//你手里的钱
nowMoney=nowMoney+drawingMoney;
System.out.println(account.name+"余额为:"+account.money);
//Thread.currentThread().getName() = this.getName()
System.out.println(this.getName()+"手里的钱"+nowMoney);
}
}
ArrayList线程不安全:
package com.qiu.syn;
import java.util.*;
//线程不安全的集合
//原因是因为两个数同一时间添加到了同一个位置,相比上一个位置的数被覆盖掉了,所以就少了很多数
public class UnSafeList {
public static void main(String[] args) {
List<String> list = new ArrayList<String>() ;
for (int i = 0; i < 10000; i++) {
new Thread(()->{
list.add(Thread.currentThread().getName());
}).start();
}
try {
Thread.sleep(1/10);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println(list.size());
}
}
这个时候我们就会办法解决问题了,所以引进了Synchronized锁还有Lock锁,这里重点讲解一下Synchronized锁
利用上面的两种方法后,我们可以改进上面的代码
- private synchronized void buy()
package com.qiu.syn;
//不安全的买票
//线程不安全,有拿到重复的票
public class UnSafeBuyTicket {
public static void main(String[] args) {
BuyTicket station = new BuyTicket();
new Thread(station,"你").start();
new Thread(station,"我").start();
new Thread(station,"黄牛").start();
}
}
class BuyTicket implements Runnable{
private int TicketNums= 10;
boolean flag =true;//标志位,外部停止方式
@Override
public void run() {
//买票
while(flag){
try {
buy();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
//synchronized 同步方法锁的是用这个方法的对象
private synchronized void buy() throws InterruptedException {
//判断是否又有票
if (TicketNums<1){
flag =false;
return;
}
Thread.sleep(1000);
//买票
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"拿到了"+TicketNums--);
}
}
2.同步块
package com.qiu.syn;
//不安全的取钱
//两个人去银行里面取钱
public class UnSafeBank {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//账户
Account account = new Account(100,"装修的钱");
Drawing me = new Drawing(account,50,"我");
Drawing you = new Drawing(account,100,"你");
me.start();
you.start();
}
}
//账户
class Account{
int money;
String name;
public Account(int money,String name) {
this.money = money;
this.name = name;
}
}
//银行:模拟取款
class Drawing extends Thread{
Account account;//账户
//取了多少钱
int drawingMoney;
//现在手里还有多少钱
int nowMoney;
public Drawing(Account account,int drawingMoney,String name){
super(name);//调用父类的名字,就是当前线程的名字
this.account=account;
this.drawingMoney=drawingMoney;
}
@Override
//synchronized默认锁的是this.
//锁的对象是变化的量
public void run() {
synchronized (account){
//判断有没有钱
if (account.money-drawingMoney<0){
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"钱不够,取不了");
return;
}
try {//放大问题的发生性
Thread.sleep(1000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
//卡内余额
account.money= account.money-drawingMoney;
//你手里的钱
nowMoney=nowMoney+drawingMoney;
System.out.println(account.name+"余额为:"+account.money);
//Thread.currentThread().getName() = this.getName()
System.out.println(this.getName()+"手里的钱"+nowMoney);
}
}
}
3.在变化的参数中加synchronized
package com.qiu.syn;
import java.util.*;
//线程不安全的集合
//原因是因为两个数同一时间添加到了同一个位置,相比上一个位置的数被覆盖掉了,所以就少了很多数
public class UnSafeList {
public static void main(String[] args) {
List<String> list = new ArrayList<String>() ;
for (int i = 0; i < 10000; i++) {
new Thread(()->{
synchronized (list){
list.add(Thread.currentThread().getName());
}
}).start();
}
try {
Thread.sleep(3000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println(list.size());
}
}
凡事有利也有弊,synchronized锁也不一定是完美的