RuntimeError: Python is not installed as a framework

Mac自带的python编辑器是2.7，下载了一个3.6的之后，在virtualenv中运行py文件，文件中 import 了 matplotlib 出现以下错误：

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "3_1.py", line 4, in <module>
    import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
  File "/Users/wfc/PycharmProjects/env3.6/lib/python3.6/site-packages/matplotlib/pyplot.py", line 115, in <module>
    _backend_mod, new_figure_manager, draw_if_interactive, _show = pylab_setup()
  File "/Users/wfc/PycharmProjects/env3.6/lib/python3.6/site-packages/matplotlib/backends/__init__.py", line 62, in pylab_setup
    [backend_name], 0)
  File "/Users/wfc/PycharmProjects/env3.6/lib/python3.6/site-packages/matplotlib/backends/backend_macosx.py", line 17, in <module>
    from matplotlib.backends import _macosx
RuntimeError: Python is not installed as a framework. The Mac OS X backend will not be able to function correctly if Python is not installed as a framework. See the Python documentation for more information on installing Python as a framework on Mac OS X. Please either reinstall Python as a framework, or try one of the other backends. If you are using (Ana)Conda please install python.app and replace the use of 'python' with 'pythonw'. See 'Working with Matplotlib on OSX' in the Matplotlib FAQ for more information.

似乎是因为虚拟环境与默认环境的安装配置不同造成的。

解决方法：

这个时候在“～”路径下面 (cd  ~)，使用命令ls  -a会列出所有的文件，包括隐藏文件，会发现有一个.matplotlib的隐藏文件，然后在～/.matplotlib该目录下面新建一个名为matplotlibrc( vi  matplotlibrc)的文件，在该文件里面里面编辑内容backend: TkAgg，保存(esc) 退出(:wq)即可