String类部分源码解析-subString()方法

public String substring(int beginIndex) {
    if (beginIndex < 0) {
        throw new StringIndexOutOfBoundsException(beginIndex);
    }
    int subLen = value.length - beginIndex;
    if (subLen < 0) {
        throw new StringIndexOutOfBoundsException(subLen);
    }
    return (beginIndex == 0) ? this : new String(value, beginIndex, subLen);
}

public String substring(int beginIndex, int endIndex) {
   if (beginIndex < 0) {
        throw new StringIndexOutOfBoundsException(beginIndex);
    }
    if (endIndex > value.length) {
        throw new StringIndexOutOfBoundsException(endIndex);
    }
    int subLen = endIndex - beginIndex;
    if (subLen < 0) {
        throw new StringIndexOutOfBoundsException(subLen);
    }
    return ((beginIndex == 0) && (endIndex == value.length)) ? this : new String(value, beginIndex, subLen);
}

从上面代码可以看出，subString方法截取字符串是创建了一个新的字符串，并将其返回

public String(char value[], int offset, int count) {
    if (offset < 0) {
        throw new StringIndexOutOfBoundsException(offset);
    }
    if (count <= 0) {
        if (count < 0) {
            throw new StringIndexOutOfBoundsException(count);
        }
        if (offset <= value.length) {
            this.value = "".value;
            return;
        }
    }
    // Note: offset or count might be near -1>>>1.
    if (offset > value.length - count) {
        throw new StringIndexOutOfBoundsException(offset + count);
    }
    this.value = Arrays.copyOfRange(value, offset, offset+count);
}

新建字符串用的是Arrays下的copyOfRange方法去拷贝一个数组

public static char[] copyOfRange(char[] original, int from, int to) {
    int newLength = to - from;
    if (newLength < 0)
        throw new IllegalArgumentException(from + " > " + to);
    char[] copy = new char[newLength];
    System.arraycopy(original, from, copy, 0, Math.min(original.length - from, newLength));
    return copy;
}

注意：Math.min(original.length - from, newLength)这个非常必要！
System.arraycopy这个方法需要拷贝真正存在的数据，如果数组下标超出数组src的长度，系统就会报错。
所以这一步就是在让你请求的（数组最大长度-请求开始下标）和（请求结束下标-请求开始下标）选择一个合理的长度