- 显示/etc目录下,以非字母开头,后面跟了一个字母以及其它任意长度任意字符的文件或目录
[17:31:53 root@localhost[ ~]$ll -d /etc/[^[:alpha:][[:alpha:]]*
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Jan 15 17:08 /etc/360test
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 6 Jan 15 17:08 /etc/361test
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Jan 15 17:08 /etc/363test
- 复制/etc目录下所有以p开头,以非数字结尾的文件或目录到/tmp/mytest1目录中。
[17:23:01 root@localhost[ ~]$mkdir /tmp/mytest1
[17:23:10 root@localhost[ ~]$cp -a /etc/p[[:alpha:]]*[^[:digit:]] /tmp/mytest1/
[17:23:59 root@localhost[ ~]$ls /tmp/mytest1/
pam.d papersize passwd passwd- pbm2ppa.conf pinforc pipewire pki plymouth pnm2ppa.conf popt.d postfix prelink.conf.d printcap profile profile.d protocols pulse
- 将/etc/issue文件中的内容转换为大写后保存至/tmp/issue.out文件中
[17:36:48 root@localhost[ ~]$tr "a-z" "A-Z" < /etc/issue /tmp/issue.out
[17:36:48 root@localhost[ ~]$cat /tmp/issue.out
\S
KERNEL \R ON AN \M
三.请总结描述用户和组管理类命令的使用方法并完成以下练习:
(1)、创建组distro,其GID为2019;
[17:38:18 root@localhost[ ~]$groupadd -g 2019 distro
[17:38:51 root@localhost[ ~]$tail -1 /etc/group
distro:x:2019:
(2)、创建用户mandriva, 其ID号为1005;基本组为distro;
[17:46:24 root@localhost[ ~]$useradd -u 1005 -g distro mandriva
[17:46:55 root@localhost[ ~]$id mandriva
uid=1005(mandriva) gid=2019(distro) groups=2019(distro)
(3)、创建用户mageia,其ID号为1100,家目录为/home/linux;
[17:47:05 root@localhost[ ~]$useradd -u 1100 -d /home/linux mageia
[17:48:28 root@localhost[ ~]$tail -1 /etc/passwd
mageia:x:1100:1100::/home/linux:/bin/bash
(4)、给用户mageia添加密码,密码为mageedu,并设置用户密码7天后过期
[17:48:56 root@localhost[ ~]$echo "mageedu" |passwd --stdin mageia -x 7
Adjusting aging data for user mageia.
passwd: Success
(5)、删除mandriva,但保留其家目录;
[17:59:34 root@localhost[ ~]$userdel mandriva
[17:59:39 root@localhost[ ~]$ls /home/
gentoo justin linux mandriva
(6)、创建用户slackware,其ID号为2002,基本组为distro,附加组peguin;
[18:09:09 root@localhost[ ~]$groupadd peguin;useradd -u 2002 -g distro -G peguin slackware
[18:09:31 root@localhost[ ~]$id slackware
uid=2002(slackware) gid=2019(distro) groups=2019(distro),9096(peguin)
(7)、修改slackware的默认shell为/bin/tcsh;
[18:10:05 root@localhost[ ~]$usermod -s /bin/tcsh slackware
[18:11:15 root@localhost[ ~]$tail -1 /etc/passwd
slackware:x:2002:2019::/home/slackware:/bin/tcsh
(8)、为用户slackware新增附加组admins,并设置不可登陆。
[18:13:20 root@localhost[ ~]$usermod -G admins -s /sbin/nologin slackware
[18:13:37 root@localhost[ ~]$id slackware
uid=2002(slackware) gid=2019(distro) groups=2019(distro),9097(admins)
四.创建用户user1、user2、user3。在/data/下创建目录test
[18:19:20 root@localhost[ ~]$useradd user1;useradd user2;useradd user3;mkdir /data/test
[18:19:24 root@localhost[ ~]$tail -3 /etc/passwd
user1:x:9094:9098::/home/user1:/bin/bash
user2:x:9095:9099::/home/user2:/bin/bash
user3:x:9096:9100::/home/user3:/bin/bash
[18:19:34 root@localhost[ ~]$ll /data/
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 6 Jan 15 18:19 test
(1)、目录/data/test属主、属组为user1
[18:22:50 root@localhost[ ~]$chown user1.user1 /data/test/
[18:23:02 root@localhost[ ~]$ll -d /data/test/
drwxr-xr-x 2 user1 user1 6 Jan 15 18:19 /data/test/
(2)、在目录属主、属组不变的情况下,user2对文件有读写权限
[18:23:19 root@localhost[ ~]$setfacl -m u:user1:rwx /data/test/
[18:24:27 root@localhost[ ~]$getfacl /data/test/
getfacl: Removing leading '/' from absolute path names
# file: data/test/
# owner: user1
# group: user1
user::rwx
user:user1:rwx
group::r-x
mask::rwx
other::r-x
(3)、user1在/data/test目录下创建文件a1.sh, a2.sh, a3.sh, a4.sh,设置所有用户都不可删除1.sh,2.sh文件、除了user1及root之外,所有用户都不可删除a3.sh, a4.sh
[18:27:17 user1@localhost[ ~]$touch /data/test/a{1..4}.sh
[18:27:55 user1@localhost[ ~]$ls /data/test/
a1.sh a2.sh a3.sh a4.sh
[18:28:39 root@localhost[ ~]$chattr +i /data/test/a{1..4}.sh
[18:29:26 root@localhost[ ~]$rm -rf /data/test/a1.sh
rm: cannot remove '/data/test/a1.sh': Operation not permitted
(4)、user3增加附加组user1,同时要求user1不能访问/data/test目录及其下所有文件
[18:30:30 root@localhost[ ~]$usermod -G user1 user3
[18:31:50 root@localhost[ ~]$id user3
uid=9096(user3) gid=9100(user3) groups=9100(user3),9098(user1)
[18:31:50 root@localhost[ ~]$setfacl -m u:user1:- /data/test/
(5)、清理/data/test目录及其下所有文件的acl权限
[23:23:33 root@localhost[ ~]$setfacl -R -b /data/test/
[23:24:06 root@localhost[ ~]$ll /data/test/
-rw-rw-r-- 1 user1 user1 0 Jan 15 18:27 a1.sh
-rw-rw-r-- 1 user1 user1 0 Jan 15 18:27 a2.sh
-rw-rw-r-- 1 user1 user1 0 Jan 15 18:27 a3.sh
-rw-rw-r-- 1 user1 user1 0 Jan 15 18:27 a4.sh