多线程爬虫

需求
设计多线程爬虫爬取糗事百科1、用三个线程爬取 10 页页面内容，放入队列2、用三个线程解析队列中的页面内容3、把提取的内容存入 json 文件

多线程示意图
代码实现

 

 import requests
from lxml import etree
from queue import Queue
import threading
import json

class thread_crawl(threading.Thread):
'''
抓取线程类
'''
def __init__(self, threadID):
threading.Thread.__init__(self)
self.threadID = threadID
self.headers = {
'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36
(KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/52.0.2743.116 Safari/537.36',
'Accept-Language': 'zh-CN,zh;q=0.8'}
def run(self):
print("Starting " + self.threadID)
self.qiushi_spider()
print("Exiting ", self.threadID)
def qiushi_spider(self):
while not page_queue.empty():
page = page_queue.get()
url = 'http://www.qiushibaike.com/8hr/page/' + str(page) + '/'
print('spider:', self.threadID, ',page:', str(page))
# 多次尝试失败结束、防止死循环
timeout = 4
while timeout > 0:
timeout -= 1
try:
content = requests.get(url, headers=self.headers,timeout=0.5)
data_queue.put(content.text)
break
except Exception as e:
print('qiushi_spider', e)
class Thread_Parser(threading.Thread):
'''
页面解析类；
'''
def __init__(self, threadID, file):
threading.Thread.__init__(self)
self.threadID = threadID
self.file = file
def run(self):
print('starting ', self.threadID)
while not exitFlag_Parser:
try:
'''
调用队列对象的 get()方法从队头删除并返回一个项目。可选参数为 block，
默认为 True。
如果队列为空且 block 为 True，get()就使调用线程暂停，直至有项目可用。
如果队列为空且 block 为 False，队列将引发 Empty 异常。
'''
item = data_queue.get(False)
if not item:
pass
self.parse_data(item)
data_queue.task_done() #提示线程 join()是否停止阻塞
except:
pass
print('Exiting ', self.threadID)
def parse_data(self, item):
'''
解析网页函数
:param item: 网页内容
:return:
'''
try:
html = etree.HTML(item)
result = html.xpath('//div[contains(@id,"qiushi_tag")]')
for site in result:
try:
imgUrl = site.xpath('.//img/@src')[0]
print('imgUrl:',imgUrl)
title = site.xpath('.//h2')[0].text.strip()
print('title:',title)
content = site.xpath('.//div[@class="content"]/span')[0].text.strip()
print('content:',content)
vote = None
comments = None
try:
vote = site.xpath('.//i')[0].text
comments = site.xpath('.//i')[1].text
print("vote:",vote)
print("comments:",comments)
except:
pass
data = {
'imgUrl': imgUrl,
'title': title,
'content': content,
'vote': vote,
'comments': comments,
}
if mutex.acquire():
data = json.dumps(data, ensure_ascii=False)
print('save....',data)
self.file.write(data + "\n")
mutex.release()
except Exception as e:
print('site in result', e)
except Exception as e:
print('parse_data', e)
def main():
output = open('./data/qiushibaike.json', 'a',encoding='utf-8')
#初始化网页页码 page 从 1-10 个页面
for page in range(1, 11):
page_queue.put(page)
#初始化采集线程
crawlthreads = []
crawlList = ["crawl-1", "crawl-2", "crawl-3"]
for threadID in crawlList:
thread = thread_crawl(threadID)
thread.start()
crawlthreads.append(thread)
#初始化解析线程 parserList
parserthreads = []
parserList = ["parser-1", "parser-2", "parser-3"]
#分别启动 parserList
for threadID in parserList:
thread = Thread_Parser(threadID, output)
thread.start()
parserthreads.append(thread)
# 等待队列清空
while not page_queue.empty():
pass
# 等待所有线程完成
for t in crawlthreads:
t.join()
while not data_queue.empty():
pass
# 通知线程是时候退出
global exitFlag_Parser
exitFlag_Parser = True
for t in parserthreads:
t.join()
print("Exiting Main Thread")
if mutex.acquire():
output.close()
if __name__ == '__main__':
data_queue = Queue()
page_queue = Queue(50)
exitFlag_Parser = False
mutex = threading.Lock()
main()