表达式求值

背景：刚学完栈，实现栈的应用—表达式求值。

栗子：

中缀：（20 + 5 + 1*3）/ 14
后缀： 20 5 + 1 3 * + 14 /

出现的问题：

1. 强制转换出现问题 将指向其他类型数据的指针赋值给void类型指针的时候，该内存中存放数据仍是最开始的数据类型。
2. 对操作数进行计算后，会覆盖原来的结果。例如先将20+5的结果25入栈，后将1*3的结果3压入栈，会覆盖之前的25。

解决方法：

1. 如果强制将string *类型通过（int *）进行转换则会出错，使用stoi（）函数；反之，使用to_string（）函数。
2. 两次使用的变量（就是一个变量）共用同一段内存（该变量为局部变量，生存期内未释放空间），动态申请空间即可。

#include <vector>
#include <string>
#include <iostream>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <assert.h>

using namespace std;

typedef struct StackNode {
	void *data;
	struct StackNode* next;
}Snode;

class LinkStack {
	
public:
	struct StackNode *top;
	LinkStack();
	~LinkStack();
	void Push(void* x);
	int Pop();
	void* GetTop();
};


LinkStack::LinkStack()
{
	cout << "构造函数成功" << endl;
	top = NULL;
}

LinkStack::~LinkStack()
{
	cout << "析构成功" << endl;
	delete top;
}

 void LinkStack::Push(void* x)
{
	Snode* p = new Snode;
	p->data = x;
	p->next = top;
    top = p;
	p = NULL;
}

int LinkStack::Pop()
{
	StackNode *p;
	assert(top);
	p = top;
	if (!top->next)
		top = NULL;
	else 
		top = top->next;
	delete p;
	return 0;
}

void * LinkStack::GetTop()
{
	return top->data;
}

int Cal(void* b, void* a,string s) {
	if (s == "+") 
		return stoi(*(string *)a) + stoi(*(string *)b);
	if (s == "*")
		return stoi(*(string *)a) * stoi(*(string *)b);
	if (s == "-")
		return stoi(*(string *)a) - stoi(*(string *)b);
	if (s == "/")
		return stoi(*(string *)a) / stoi(*(string *)b);
}

void* Res(LinkStack *s, vector<string> a) {
	//if num push
	//else pop two num
	//final return Top->data
    
	for (vector<string>::iterator it = a.begin(); it != a.end(); ++it) {
		if (*it !="+" && *it != "-" && *it != "*" && *it != "/") {
			s->Push(&(*it));//使用迭代器iterator遍历向量中的string数据时，入栈时要先解引用it中的值，再对该值取地址。
			cout << "push.data:" << stoi(*(string *)(s->GetTop())) << endl;
			
		}
		else {
			void* num1 = s->GetTop();
			cout << "num1:"<<*(string *)num1 << endl;
			s->Pop();
			void* num2 = s->GetTop();
			cout << "num2:" << *(string *)num2 << endl;
			s->Pop();
			/*
			* void * num3 = (void *)Cal(num1,num2,*it) erro
			* use to_string() or stoi() instead of forcibly cast 
			*/
			string *num3 = new string;
			*num3 = to_string(Cal(num1, num2, *it));
			cout << "num3:" << *num3 <<"		&num3:"<<num3<< endl;
			s->Push(num3);
			cout << "push.data:" << stoi(*(string *)(s->GetTop())) << endl;
		}
		cout << "s:";
		for (Snode *p = s->top; p != NULL; p = p->next) {
			cout << *(string *)(p->data)<<"->";
			if (!p->next)
				break;
		}
		cout << "NULL"<<endl;	
	}
	return s->GetTop();
}


int main(){
	LinkStack *s = new LinkStack();
	vector<string> a = { "5","20","+","1","3","*","+","14", "/" };
	cout << "Res is " << *(string *)Res(s, a) << endl;
	delete s;
	system("pause");
}