初学MYSQL第五天

二、分组函数

功能：用作统计使用，又称为聚合函数或统计函数或组函数
分类：sum 求和、avg 平均值、max 最大值 、min 最小值 、count 计算个数
特点：
1、sum、avg一般用于处理数值型，max、min、count可以处理任何类型
2、以上分组函数都忽略null值
3、可以和distinct搭配实现去重的运算
4、count函数的单独介绍，一般使用count(*)用作统计行数
5、和分组函数一同查询的字段要求是group by后的字段

1、简单的使用

SELECT SUM(salary) FROM employees;
SELECT AVG(salary) FROM employees;
SELECT MIN(salary) FROM employees;
SELECT MAX(salary) FROM employees;
SELECT COUNT(salary) FROM employees;
SELECT SUM(salary) 和,AVG(salary) 平均,MAX(salary) 最高,MIN(salary) 最低,COUNT(salary) 个数 
FROM employees;
SELECT SUM(salary) 和,ROUND(AVG(salary),2) 平均,MAX(salary) 最高,MIN(salary) 最低,COUNT(salary) 个数
FROM employees;

2、参数支持哪些类型

SELECT SUM(last_name) ,AVG(last_name) FROM employees;
SELECT SUM(hiredate) ,AVG(hiredate) FROM employees;
SELECT MAX(last_name),MIN(last_name) FROM employees;
SELECT MAX(hiredate),MIN(hiredate) FROM employees;
SELECT COUNT(commission_pct) FROM employees;
SELECT COUNT(last_name) FROM employees;

3、是否忽略null

SELECT SUM(commission_pct) ,AVG(commission_pct),SUM(commission_pct)/35,SUM(commission_pct)/107 FROM employees;
SELECT MAX(commission_pct) ,MIN(commission_pct) FROM employees;
SELECT COUNT(commission_pct) FROM employees;
SELECT commission_pct FROM employees;

4、和distinct搭配

SELECT SUM(DISTINCT salary),SUM(salary) FROM employees;
SELECT COUNT(DISTINCT salary),COUNT(salary) FROM employees;

5、count函数的详细介绍

SELECT COUNT(salary) FROM employees;
SELECT COUNT(*) FROM employees;
SELECT COUNT(1) FROM employees;

效率：
MYISAM存储引擎下 ，COUNT()的效率高
INNODB存储引擎下，COUNT()和COUNT(1)的效率差不多，比COUNT(字段)要高一些

6、和分组函数一同查询的字段有限制

SELECT AVG(salary),employee_id  FROM employees;

进阶5：分组查询

语法：

select 查询列表
from 表
【where 筛选条件】
group by 分组的字段
【order by 排序的字段】;

特点：
1、和分组函数一同查询的字段必须是group by后出现的字段
2、筛选分为两类：分组前筛选和分组后筛选

• 问题1：分组函数做筛选能不能放在where后面
  不能
• 问题2：where——group by——having
  一般来讲，能用分组前筛选的，尽量使用分组前筛选，提高效率

3、分组可以按单个字段也可以按多个字段
4、可以搭配着排序使用

引入：查询每个部门的员工个数

SELECT COUNT(*) FROM employees WHERE department_id=90;

1.简单的分组

• 案例1：查询每个工种的员工平均工资

   SELECT AVG(salary),job_id
   FROM employees
   GROUP BY job_id;
  

• 案例2：查询每个位置的部门个数

   SELECT COUNT(*),location_id
   FROM departments
   GROUP BY location_id;
  

2、可以实现分组前的筛选

• 案例1：查询邮箱中包含a字符的 每个部门的最高工资

   SELECT MAX(salary),department_id
   FROM employees
   WHERE email LIKE '%a%'
   GROUP BY department_id;
  

• 案例2：查询有奖金的每个领导手下员工的平均工资

   SELECT AVG(salary),manager_id
   FROM employees
   WHERE commission_pct IS NOT NULL
   GROUP BY manager_id;
  

3、分组后筛选

• 案例1：查询哪个部门的员工个数>5

①查询每个部门的员工个数

SELECT COUNT(*),department_id
FROM employees
GROUP BY department_id;

② 筛选刚才①结果

SELECT COUNT(*),department_id
FROM employees
GROUP BY department_id
HAVING COUNT(*)>5;

• 案例2：每个工种有奖金的员工的最高工资>12000的工种编号和最高工资

   SELECT job_id,MAX(salary)
   FROM employees
   WHERE commission_pct IS NOT NULL
   GROUP BY job_id
   HAVING MAX(salary)>12000;
  

• 案例3：领导编号>102的每个领导手下的最低工资大于5000的领导编号和最低工资

   manager_id>102
   
   SELECT manager_id,MIN(salary)
   FROM employees
   GROUP BY manager_id
   HAVING MIN(salary)>5000;
  

4.添加排序

• 案例：每个工种有奖金的员工的最高工资>6000的工种编号和最高工资,按最高工资升序

   SELECT job_id,MAX(salary) m
   FROM employees
   WHERE commission_pct IS NOT NULL
   GROUP BY job_id
   HAVING m>6000
   ORDER BY m ;
  

5.按多个字段分组

• 案例：查询每个工种每个部门的最低工资,并按最低工资降序

   SELECT MIN(salary),job_id,department_id
   FROM employees
   GROUP BY department_id,job_id
   ORDER BY MIN(salary) DESC;