java中的Path和Files之Path

Path是一个目录名序列，后面可以跟一个文件名。路径中的第一个参数可以是根部件，如：/ 或者C：\ , 而允许访问的根部件取决于文件系统。以根部件开始的路径是绝对路径，反之则是相对路径。

获得 Path对象

1.通过 Paths.get 直接传入 String 字符串方法获得

例如：

public class Test {
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		Path absolutePath = Paths.get("/test1","test2");
		Path relativePath = Paths.get("test1", "test2","test3","test.txt");
		System.out.println("absolutePath: " + absolutePath);
		System.out.println("relativePath: " + relativePath);
	}
}

控制台输出：

absolutePath: /test1/test2
relativePath: test1/test2/test3/test.txt

静态的 Paths.get 方法接收一个或者多个字符串，并将他们用默认文件系统的路径分隔符（类 Unix 文件系统是 / ，Windows 系统是 \ ）连接起来，然后解析连接起来的结果，如果表示的不是给定系统中的合法路径，就会抛出 InvalidPathException 异常，这个连接起来的结果就是一个 Path 对象（结果仅仅表示一个路径，该文件或者该文件夹并不一定真实存在）。

2.通过读取配置文件获得

1. test.properties

test.dir=test

2. 代码demo

public class Test {
	public static void main(String[] args) throws FileNotFoundException, IOException {
		Path relativePath = Paths.get(System.getProperty("user.dir"),"src","test.properties");
		Properties properties = new Properties();
		properties.load(new FileReader(relativePath.toFile()));
		String dir = properties.getProperty("test.dir");
		Path path = Paths.get(dir);
		System.out.println("path: " + path);
	}
}

3. 控制台输出：

path: test

Path 常用方法

1. static Path get(String first, String… more)

通过连接给定的字符串创建一个路径

public class Test {
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		/*
		 * static Path get(String first, String... more)
		 * 通过连接给定的字符串创建一个路径
		 */
		Path absolutePath = Paths.get("/test1","test2");
		Path relativePath = Paths.get("root","test1", "test2","test3","test.txt");
		System.out.println("absolutePath: " + absolutePath);
		System.out.println("relativePath: " + relativePath);
	}
}

控制台输出：

absolutePath: /test1/test2
relativePath: root/test1/test2/test3/test.txt

2. Path resolve(Path other)
   Path resolve(String other)

若 other 是绝对路径，那么就返回 other ；否则，返回通过连接 this 和 other 获得的路径。

public class Test {
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		Path absolutePath = Paths.get("/test1","test2");
		Path relativePath = Paths.get("root","test1", "test2","test3","test.txt");
		/*
		 * Path resolve(Path other)
		 * Path resolve(String other)
		 * 若 other 是绝对路径，那么就返回 other ；否则，返回通过连接 this 和 other 获得的
		 * 路径。
		 */
		Path p1 = absolutePath.resolve(relativePath);
		// other 是相对路径，返回absolutePath + relativePath
		System.out.println("resolve: " + p1);
		Path p2 = absolutePath.resolve(absolutePath);
		// other 是绝对路径直接返回 absolutePath
		System.out.println("resolve :" + p2);
	}
}

控制台输出：

resolve: /test1/test2/root/test1/test2/test3/test.txt
resolve :/test1/test2

3. Path resolveSibling(Path other)
   Path resolveSibling(String other)

若 other 是绝对路径， 那么就返回 other ；否则，返回通过连接 this 的父路径和 other 获得的路径

public class Test {
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		Path absolutePath = Paths.get("/test1","test2");
		Path relativePath = Paths.get("root","test1", "test2","test3","test.txt");
		/*
		 * Path resolveSibling(Path other)
		 * Path resolveSibling(String other)
		 * 若 other 是绝对路径， 那么就返回 other ；否则，返回通过连接 this 的
		 * 父路径和 other 获得的路径
		 */
		Path p3 = absolutePath.resolveSibling(absolutePath);
		// other 是绝对路径，返回 absolutePath
		System.out.println("resolveSibling: " +p3);
		// other 是相对路径， 返回 relativePath 的父路径 和 relativePath
		Path p4 = absolutePath.resolveSibling(relativePath);
		System.out.println("resolveSibling: " + p4);
	}
}

控制台输出：

resolveSibling: /test1/test2
resolveSibling: /test1/root/test1/test2/test3/test.txt

4. Path relativize(Path other)

返回用 this 进行解析，相对于 other 的相对路径.

public class Test {
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		Path absolutePath = Paths.get("/test1","test2");
		Path relativePath = Paths.get("root","test1", "test2","test3","test.txt");
		/*
		 * Path relativize(Path other)
		 * 返回用 this 进行解析，相对于 other 的相对路径
		 */
		Path relativePath2 = Paths.get("root","test1", "test2","test4","test2.txt");
		Path p5 = relativePath.relativize(relativePath2);
		System.out.println("relativize: " +p5);
	}
}

控制台输出：

relativize: ../../test4/test2.txt

5. Path normalize()

移除如 . 或者 … 等冗余的路径元素

public class Test {
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		/*
		 * Path normalize()
		 * 移除如 . 或者 .. 等冗余的路径元素
		 */
		Path p6 = Paths.get("test",".","test","..","test.txt");
		Path p7 = p6.normalize();
		System.out.println("normalize: " + p7);
	}
}

控制台输出：

normalize: test/test.txt

6. Path toAbsolutePath()

返回与该路径等价的绝对路径

public class Test {
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		Path relativePath = Paths.get("root","test1", "test2","test3","test.txt");
		/*
		 * Path toAbsolutePath()
		 * 返回与该路径等价的绝对路径
		 */
		Path p8 = relativePath.toAbsolutePath();
		System.out.println("toAbsolutePath: " + p8);
	}
}

控制台输出：

toAbsolutePath: /Users/zhangzheng/eclipse-workspace/test/root/test1/test2/test3/test.txt

7. Path getParent()

返回父路径，或者没有父路径时返回null

public class Test {
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		Path absolutePath = Paths.get("/test1","test2");
		/*
		 * Path getParent()
		 * 返回父路径，或者没有父路径时返回null
		 */
		Path p9 = absolutePath.getParent();
		System.out.println("getParent: " + p9);
	}
}

控制台输出：

getParent: /test1

8. Path getFileName();

返回该路径的最后一个部件，或者在该路径没有任何部件时返回，返回null

public class Test {
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		Path relativePath = Paths.get("root","test1", "test2","test3","test.txt");
		/*
		 * Path getFileName();
		 * 返回该路径的最后一个部件，或者在该路径没有任何部件时返回，返回null
		 */
		Path p10 = relativePath.getFileName();
		System.out.println("getFileName: " + p10);
	}
}

控制台输出：

getFileName: test.txt

9. Path getRoot()

返回该路径的根

public class Test {
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		Path absolutePath = Paths.get("/test1","test2");
		/*
		 * Path getRoot()
		 * 返回该路径的根
		 */
		Path p11 = absolutePath.getRoot();
		System.out.println("getRoot: " + p11);
	}
}

控制台输出：

getRoot: /

10. FIle toFile()

获得一个file 对象

public class Test {
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		Path relativePath = Paths.get("root","test1", "test2","test3","test.txt");
		/*
		 * FIle toFile()
		 * 获得一个file 对象
		 */
		File file = relativePath.toFile();
		System.out.println("toFile: " + file);
	}
}

控制台输出：

toFile: root/test1/test2/test3/test.txt