深入理解CAS

1.什么是CAS

• compareAndSet方法

public class CasDemo {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        AtomicInteger atomicInteger = new AtomicInteger(2020);

        //比较并交换：与期望的值比较，相等则更新，底层与native方法直接交互，CPU级别操作，效率高
        //如果工作内存和主内存中的值，与期望值是否一样，一样则交换
        
        atomicInteger.compareAndSet(2020,2021);

        /*
         * 通过底层CAS实现getAndIncrement方法的缺点：
         * 1.循环会耗时 2.一次性只能保证一个共享变量的原子性 3.ABA问题
         * */
        atomicInteger.getAndIncrement();
        System.out.println(atomicInteger.get());
    }
}

2.ABA问题

• 代码演示

public class CasDemo2 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {

        AtomicStampedReference<Integer> atomicStampedReference = new AtomicStampedReference(1,1);

        new Thread(()->{//
            atomicStampedReference.compareAndSet(
              1, 3, atomicStampedReference.getStamp(),
                    atomicStampedReference.getStamp()+1
            );
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+" "+atomicStampedReference.getStamp());
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+" int "+atomicStampedReference.getReference());
            atomicStampedReference.compareAndSet(
                    3, 1, atomicStampedReference.getStamp(),
                    atomicStampedReference.getStamp()+1
            );
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+" "+atomicStampedReference.getStamp());
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+" int "+atomicStampedReference.getReference());
        },"A").start();
        
        new Thread(()->{//
            try {
                TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(5);
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            atomicStampedReference.compareAndSet(
                    1, 2, atomicStampedReference.getStamp(),
                    atomicStampedReference.getStamp()+1
            );
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+" "+atomicStampedReference.getStamp());
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+" int "+atomicStampedReference.getReference());

        },"B").start();

    }
}