MySql的各种语句（最详细）-8（子查询）

#子查询
#谁的工资比Abel的高？
#方式一：
SELECT salary
FROM employees
WHERE last_name = 'Abel';

SELECT last_name,salary
FROM employees
WHERE salary > 11000;

#方式二：自连接
SELECT e2.last_name,e2.salary
FROM employees e1,employees e2
WHERE e1.last_name = 'Abel'
AND e1.`salary` < e2.`salary`;

#方式三：子查询
SELECT last_name,salary
FROM employees
WHERE salary > (
        SELECT salary
        FROM employees
        WHERE last_name = 'Abel'    
        );
#1. 基本概述
#声明在外面的查询结构：外查询、主查询
#声明在内部的查询结构：内查询、子查询

#子查询的分类：单行子查询 、 多行子查询

#2.单行子查询
#题目：返回job_id与141号员工相同，salary比143号员工多的员工姓名，job_id和工资

SELECT last_name,job_id,salary
FROM employees
WHERE job_id = (
        SELECT job_id
        FROM employees
        WHERE employee_id = 141
        )
AND salary > (
        SELECT salary
        FROM employees
        WHERE employee_id = 143
        );

#题目：返回公司工资最少的员工的last_name,job_id和salary

SELECT last_name,job_id,salary
FROM employees 
WHERE salary = (
        SELECT MIN(salary)
        FROM employees
        );

#题目：查询最低工资大于60号部门最低工资的部门id和其最低工资
#写子查询的步骤：从外往里写 ；从里往外写。

SELECT department_id,MIN(salary)
FROM employees
WHERE department_id IS NOT NULL
GROUP BY department_id
HAVING MIN(salary) > (
            SELECT MIN(salary)
            FROM employees
            WHERE department_id = 60
            );

#查询中空值的情况
SELECT last_name, job_id
FROM   employees
WHERE  job_id =
                (SELECT job_id
                 FROM   employees
                 WHERE  last_name = 'Haas');

#单行子查询的错误演示：
SELECT employee_id, last_name
FROM   employees
WHERE  salary =
                (SELECT   MIN(salary)
                 FROM     employees
                 GROUP BY department_id);
                 
#3. 多行子查询
#可以使用的运算符有：in all  any
#in:取内查询中每个值的情况，求并集
SELECT employee_id, last_name
FROM   employees
WHERE  salary IN
                (SELECT   MIN(salary)
                 FROM     employees
                 GROUP BY department_id);
                 
#题目：返回其它job_id中比job_id为‘IT_PROG’部门任一
#工资低的员工的员工号、姓名、job_id 以及salary    
SELECT employee_id,last_name,job_id,salary
FROM employees
WHERE salary < ANY(
        SELECT salary
        FROM employees
        WHERE job_id = 'IT_PROG'
        )
AND job_id <> 'IT_PROG';

#题目：返回其它job_id中比job_id为‘IT_PROG’部门所有
#工资都低的员工的员工号、姓名、job_id以及salary
SELECT employee_id,last_name,job_id,salary
FROM employees
WHERE salary < ALL(
        SELECT salary
        FROM employees
        WHERE job_id = 'IT_PROG'
        )
AND job_id <> 'IT_PROG';

###################子查询：下篇#########################

#查询各部门中工资比本部门平均工资高的员工的员工号, 姓名和工资
#方式一：相关子查询
SELECT employee_id,last_name,salary
FROM employees e1
WHERE salary > (
        SELECT AVG(salary)
        FROM employees e2
        WHERE e2.department_id = e1.department_id
        );

#方式二：在from中声明子查询

SELECT e.employee_id,e.last_name,e.salary
FROM employees e,(
        SELECT department_id,AVG(salary) avg_sal
        FROM employees
        GROUP BY department_id
        )  dept_avg_sal
WHERE e.`department_id` = dept_avg_sal.department_id
AND e.`salary` > dept_avg_sal.avg_sal

#查询员工的id,salary,按照department_name 排序

SELECT employee_id,salary
FROM employees e
ORDER BY (
    SELECT department_name
    FROM departments d
    WHERE d.`department_id` = e.department_id
    ) ASC;

#EXISTS的使用
#题目：查询公司管理者的employee_id,last_name,job_id,department_id信息
#方式一：
SELECT employee_id,last_name,job_id,department_id
FROM employees
WHERE employee_id IN (
            SELECT DISTINCT manager_id
            FROM employees
            );

#方式二：
SELECT DISTINCT e1.employee_id, e1.last_name, e1.job_id, e1.department_id
FROM   employees e1 JOIN employees e2
ON e1.employee_id = e2.manager_id;

#方式三：
SELECT employee_id,last_name,job_id,department_id
FROM employees e1
WHERE EXISTS (
        SELECT 'a'
        FROM employees e2
        WHERE e1.employee_id = e2.manager_id
        );
#NOT EXISTS的使用
#查询departments表中，不存在于employees表中的部门的department_id和department_name
SELECT department_id,department_name
FROM departments d
WHERE NOT EXISTS (
        SELECT 'x'
        FROM employees e
        WHERE d.`department_id` = e.`department_id`
        );