2020-03-22 C++基础习题

一、显示各C++数据类型所占字节数、最大值以及最小值

【示例代码】

#include<iostream>
#include<limits>
using namespace std;

int main()
{
	cout << "显示数据类型的长度、最大值以及最小值" << endl;
	cout << "bool\t所占字节数：" << sizeof(bool);
	cout << "  max:  " << (numeric_limits<bool>::max)();
	cout << "  min:  " << (numeric_limits<bool>::min)() << endl;
	cout << "char\t所占字节数：" << sizeof(char);
	cout << "  max:  " << (numeric_limits<char>::max)();
	cout << "  min:  " << (numeric_limits<char>::min)() << endl;
	cout << "unsigned char\t所占字节数：" << sizeof(unsigned char);
	cout << "  max:  " << (numeric_limits<unsigned char>::max)();
	cout << "  min:  " << (numeric_limits<unsigned char>::min)() << endl;
	cout << "signed char\t所占字节数：" << sizeof(signed char);
	cout << "  max:  " << (numeric_limits<signed char>::max)();
	cout << "  min:  " << (numeric_limits<signed char>::min)() << endl;
	cout << "int\t所占字节数：" << sizeof(int);
	cout << "  max:  " << (numeric_limits<int>::max)();
	cout << "  min:  " << (numeric_limits<int>::min)() << endl;
	cout << "unsigned int\t所占字节数：" << sizeof(unsigned int);
	cout << "  max:  " << (numeric_limits<unsigned int>::max)();
	cout << "  min:  " << (numeric_limits<unsigned int>::min)() << endl;
	cout << "signed int\t所占字节数：" << sizeof(signed int);
	cout << "  max:  " << (numeric_limits<signed int>::max)();
	cout << "  min:  " << (numeric_limits<signed int>::min)() << endl;
	cout << "unsigned short int\t所占字节数：" << sizeof(unsigned short int);
	cout << "  max:  " << (numeric_limits<unsigned short int>::max)();
	cout << "  min:  " << (numeric_limits<unsigned short int>::min)() << endl;
	cout << "signed short int\t所占字节数：" << sizeof(signed short int);
	cout << "  max:  " << (numeric_limits<signed short int>::max)();
	cout << "  min:  " << (numeric_limits<signed short int>::min)() << endl;
	cout << "long int\t所占字节数：" << sizeof(long int);
	cout << "  max:  " << (numeric_limits<long int>::max)();
	cout << "  min:  " << (numeric_limits<long int>::min)() << endl;
	cout << "unsigned long int\t所占字节数：" << sizeof(unsigned long int);
	cout << "  max:  " << (numeric_limits<unsigned long int>::max)();
	cout << "  min:  " << (numeric_limits<unsigned long int>::min)() << endl;
	cout << "signed long int\t所占字节数：" << sizeof(signed long int);
	cout << "  max:  " << (numeric_limits<signed long int>::max)();
	cout << "  min:  " << (numeric_limits<signed long int>::min)() << endl;
	cout << "float\t所占字节数：" << sizeof(float);
	cout << "  max:  " << (numeric_limits<float>::max)();
	cout << "  min:  " << (numeric_limits<float>::min)() << endl;
	cout << "double\t所占字节数：" << sizeof(double);
	cout << "  max:  " << (numeric_limits<double>::max)();
	cout << "  min:  " << (numeric_limits<double>::min)() << endl;
	cout << "long double\t所占字节数：" << sizeof(long double);
	cout << "  max:  " << (numeric_limits<long double>::max)();
	cout << "  min:  " << (numeric_limits<long double>::min)() << endl;
	cout << "wchar_t\t所占字节数：" << sizeof(wchar_t);
	cout << "  max:  " << (numeric_limits<wchar_t>::max)();
	cout << "  min:  " << (numeric_limits<wchar_t>::min)() << endl;
	
	system("pause");
	return 0;
}

【参考结果】

【说明】

求最大值：cout << (numeric_limits<数据类型>::max)();
求最小值：cout << (numeric_limits<数据类型>::min)();

二、全局变量的声明

【示例代码】

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;

int a;

int main()
{
	int b = 3, c = 4;
	a = b + c;
	cout << "a = " << a << endl;

	system("pause");
	return 0;
}

三、static的用法

【代码示例1】

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;

int coun = 10;
void func(void);

int main()
{
	while (coun--)
	{
		func();
	}

	system("pause");
	return 0;
}
void func(void)
{
	static int i = 1;
	i++;
	cout << "i = " << i;
	cout << "  coun = " << coun << endl;

}

【参考结果】

【示例代码2】

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;

int coun = 10;
void func(void);

int main()
{
	while (coun--)
	{
		func();
	}

	system("pause");
	return 0;
}
void func(void)
{
	int i = 1;
	i++;
	cout << "i = " << i;
	cout << "  coun = " << coun << endl;

}

【参考结果】

【说明】 注意函数中static的有无