浅拷贝与深度拷贝

1.概念

在Java中有两种数据类型，基本数据数据类型和引用数据类型。简单来说浅拷贝就是拷贝基本数据类型但是引用类型只是赋值栈内存的地址引用；深度拷贝除了拷贝基本数据类型还要拷贝引用数据的副本。

2.实现

2.1浅拷贝

1.需要复制的对象通过实现Cloneable接口并且重写clone()方法。

package clone;

/**
 * 学生类
 * @author zhangwen
 *
 */
public class Student implements Cloneable {
	private String sno; // 学号
	private String sname; // 姓名
	private Major major; // 专业
	public String getSno() {
		return sno;
	}
	public void setSno(String sno) {
		this.sno = sno;
	}
	public String getSname() {
		return sname;
	}
	public void setSname(String sname) {
		this.sname = sname;
	}
	public Major getMajor() {
		return major;
	}
	@Override
	public String toString() {
		return "Student [sno=" + sno + ", sname=" + sname + ", major=" + major + "]";
	}
	public void setMajor(Major major) {
		this.major = major;
	}
	@Override
    public Object clone() throws CloneNotSupportedException {
        return super.clone();
    }
}

/**
 * 所学专业
 * @author zhangwen
 *
 */
public class Major {
	private String majorName; // 专业名称
	private long majorId;     // 专业代号
	public String getMajorName() {
		return majorName;
	}
	public void setMajorName(String majorName) {
		this.majorName = majorName;
	}
	public long getMajorId() {
		return majorId;
	}
	public void setMajorId(long majorId) {
		this.majorId = majorId;
	}
	@Override
	public String toString() {
		return "Major [majorName=" + majorName + ", majorId=" + majorId + "]";
	}
}

public static void main(String[] args) throws CloneNotSupportedException {
	Major major = new Major();
	major.setMajorId(9001);
	major.setMajorName("软件工程");
	// 1.创建一个学生
	Student s1 = new Student();
	s1.setSno("1001");
	s1.setSname("zhangsan");
	s1.setMajor(major);
	// 2.浅拷贝学生对象
	Student s2 = (Student) s1.clone();
	System.out.println(s1 == s2); // false
	System.out.println(s1.getMajor() == s2.getMajor()); // true 只是复制引用地址
	s2.getMajor().setMajorName("计算机科学与技术");
	System.out.println(s1.getMajor() == s2.getMajor()); // true
}

2.2深度拷贝

1.通过实现Cloneable接口并且重写clone()方法默认是浅拷贝，如果要实现深度拷贝就需要对内置的对象深度遍历式拷贝。

/**
 * 学生类
 * @author zhangwen
 *
 */
public class Student implements Cloneable {
	private String sno; // 学号
	private String sname; // 姓名
	private Major major; // 专业
	public String getSno() {
		return sno;
	}
	public void setSno(String sno) {
		this.sno = sno;
	}
	public String getSname() {
		return sname;
	}
	public void setSname(String sname) {
		this.sname = sname;
	}
	public Major getMajor() {
		return major;
	}
	@Override
	public String toString() {
		return "Student [sno=" + sno + ", sname=" + sname + ", major=" + major + "]";
	}
	public void setMajor(Major major) {
		this.major = major;
	}
	@Override
    public Object clone() throws CloneNotSupportedException {
        // 对Student 内置的对象进行拷贝
		Student student = (Student) super.clone();
		student.major = (Major) major.clone();
        return student;
    }		
}

/**
 * 所学专业
 * @author zhangwen
 *
 */
public class Major implements Cloneable {
	private String majorName; // 专业名称
	private long majorId;     // 专业代号
	public String getMajorName() {
		return majorName;
	}
	public void setMajorName(String majorName) {
		this.majorName = majorName;
	}
	public long getMajorId() {
		return majorId;
	}
	public void setMajorId(long majorId) {
		this.majorId = majorId;
	}
	@Override
	public String toString() {
		return "Major [majorName=" + majorName + ", majorId=" + majorId + "]";
	}
	@Override
    public Object clone() throws CloneNotSupportedException {
        return super.clone();
    }		
}

public static void main(String[] args) throws CloneNotSupportedException {
	Major major = new Major();
	major.setMajorId(9001);
	major.setMajorName("软件工程");
	// 1.创建一个学生
	Student s1 = new Student();
	s1.setSno("1001");
	s1.setSname("zhangsan");
	s1.setMajor(major);
	// 2.浅拷贝学生对象
	Student s2 = (Student) s1.clone();
	System.out.println(s1 == s2); // false
	System.out.println(s1.getMajor() == s2.getMajor()); // false
	s2.getMajor().setMajorName("计算机科学与技术");
	System.out.println(s1.getMajor() == s2.getMajor()); // false
}

2.也可以通过反序列化的方式实现深度拷贝