Spring-自动装配

属性自动装配

1.搭建环境，创建3个实体类

public class Cat {
    public void shout() {
        System.out.println("miao~");
    }
}

public class Dog {
    public void shout() {
        System.out.println("wang~");
    }
}

public class User {
    private Cat cat;
    private Dog dog;
    private String str;

    public Cat getCat() {
        return cat;
    }

    public void setCat(Cat cat) {
        this.cat = cat;
    }

    public Dog getDog() {
        return dog;
    }

    public void setDog(Dog dog) {
        this.dog = dog;
    }

    public String getStr() {
        return str;
    }

    public void setStr(String str) {
        this.str = str;
    }
}

2.创建Spring配置文件beans.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
        https://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">

    <bean id="cat" class="com.kuang.pojo.Cat"/>
    <bean id="dog" class="com.kuang.pojo.Dog"/>
    
    <bean id="user" class="com.kuang.pojo.User">
        <property name="cat" ref="cat"/>
        <property name="dog" ref="dog"/>
        <property name="str" value="str"/>
    </bean>


</beans>

3.创建Junit测试

  @Test
    public void test(){
        ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("beans.xml");
        User bean = context.getBean("user", User.class);
        bean.getCat().shout();
        bean.getDog().shout();
    }

4.结果

以上是手动配置的例子，下面是自动装配。
修改beans.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
        https://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">

    <bean id="cat" class="com.kuang.pojo.Cat"/>
    <bean id="dog" class="com.kuang.pojo.Dog"/>
    
    <bean id="user" class="com.kuang.pojo.User" autowire="byName">
        <property name="str" value="str"/>
    </bean>

</beans>

autowire=“byName” 装配流程
1.会先找User类的所有set方法
2.set方法名去掉set后的后半部分首字母小写就是自动装配名字
3.去配置文件中的bean中找有没有相同名字的
4.有就自动装配，没有可能会报错

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
        https://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">

    <bean id="cat" class="com.kuang.pojo.Cat"/>
    <bean id="dog" class="com.kuang.pojo.Dog"/>
    
    <bean id="user" class="com.kuang.pojo.User" autowire="byType">
        <property name="str" value="str"/>
    </bean>

</beans>

autowire=“byType” 是根据类型进行装配的，类型必须唯一，不唯一会报NoUniqueBeanDefinitionException错

使用注解自动装配
1.先在beans.xml中导入约束

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
        https://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">

</beans>

2.在beans.xml配置使用注解标签

    <context:annotation-config/>

3.在实体类属性或set方法上加上注解

public class User {
    @Autowired(required = false)
    @Qualifier(value = "cat2")
    private Cat cat;
    @Autowired
    private Dog dog;
    private String str;

    public Cat getCat() {
        return cat;
    }

    public void setCat(Cat cat) {
        this.cat = cat;
    }

    public Dog getDog() {
        return dog;
    }

    public void setDog(Dog dog) {
        this.dog = dog;
    }

    public String getStr() {
        return str;
    }

    public void setStr(String str) {
        this.str = str;
    }
}

@Autowired

• 按类型进行匹配
• 属性名要和bean中的id有相同的，否则报错
• 有多个相同类型的bean也可以
• required = false表示可以为空
• 搭配 @Qualifier(value = “cat2”)后就可以按名字进行匹配
• @Qualifier不能单独使用