JAVA8使用Stream实现List操作
- Java 8引入了全新的Stream API。这里的Stream和I/O流不同,它更像具有Iterable的集合类,但行为和集合类又有所不同。
- stream是对集合对象功能的增强,它专注于对集合对象进行各种非常便利、高效的聚合操作,或者大批量数据操作。
- 只要给出需要对其包含的元素执行什么操作,比如 “过滤掉长度大于 10 的字符串”、“获取每个字符串的首字母”等,Stream 会隐式地在内部进行遍历,做出相应的数据转换。
Filter 过滤器
遍历数据并检查其中的元素时使用
//过滤所有18岁的学生
List<Student> resList =
studentList.stream().filter(student -> 18 ==student.getAge()).collect(Collectors.toList());
System.out.println("resList : "+ resList);
// resList : [Student(name=xiaoming, age=18, sex=男, teacher=mr.li, clazz=no.1),
// Student(name=xiaoli, age=18, sex=女, teacher=mr.li, clazz=no.1)]
//过滤所有18岁的男性学生
List<Student> resList2 =
studentList.stream().filter(student -> ("男".equals(student.getSex())) && student.getAge() == 18).collect(Collectors.toList());
System.out.println("resList2 : "+ resList2);
// resList2 : [Student(name=xiaoming, age=18, sex=男, teacher=mr.li, clazz=no.1)]
Map
map生成的是个一对一映射,for的作用
//取出所有学生的名字
List<String> resList3 =
studentList.stream().map(student -> student.getName()).collect(Collectors.toList());
System.out.println("resList3 : "+ resList3);
// resList3 : [xiaoming, xiaoli, xiaowang, xiaogang, xiaozhao]
Collect
collect在流中生成列表,map,等常用的数据结构
//取出所有学生的年龄
List<Integer> resList4 =
studentList.stream().map(student -> student.getAge()).collect(Collectors.toList());
Set<Integer> resSet5 =
studentList.stream().map(student -> student.getAge()).collect(Collectors.toSet());
System.out.println("resList4 : "+ resList4);
System.out.println("resSet5 : "+ resSet5);
// resList4 : [18, 18, 20, 17, 21]
// resSet5 : [17, 18, 20, 21]
并发
stream替换成parallelStream实现并发 但只有在大数据量的list下可以提高效率 一般情况使用stream即可
//取出所有学生的名字
long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
List<Student> resList6 =
studentList.stream().filter(student -> ("男".equals(student.getSex())) && student.getAge() == 18).collect(Collectors.toList());
System.out.println("resList6 time: "+ (System.currentTimeMillis()-start));
long start1 = System.currentTimeMillis();
List<Student> resList7 = studentList.parallelStream().filter(student -> ("男".equals(student.getSex())) && student.getAge() == 18).collect(Collectors.toList());
System.out.println("resList7 time: "+ (System.currentTimeMillis()-start1));
//resList6 time: 0
//resList7 time: 10
完整示例:
public class TestStream {
private static Student s1;
private static Student s2;
private static Student s3;
private static Student s4;
private static Student s5;
private static List<Student> studentList;
static {
s1 = new Student("xiaoming",18,"男","mr.li","no.1");
s2 = new Student("xiaoli",18,"女","mr.li","no.1");
s3 = new Student("xiaowang",20,"女","mr.hu","no.2");
s4 = new Student("xiaogang",17,"女","mr.hu","no.2");
s5 = new Student("xiaozhao",21,"男","mr.wu","no.3");
studentList = Arrays.asList(s1,s2);
}
public static void main(String[] args){
//过滤所有18岁的学生
List<Student> resList = studentList.stream().filter(student -> 18 == student.getAge()).collect(Collectors.toList());
System.out.println("resList : "+ resList);
// resList : [Student(name=xiaoming, age=18, sex=男, teacher=mr.li, clazz=no.1), Student(name=xiaoli, age=18, sex=女, teacher=mr.li, clazz=no.1)]
//过滤所有18岁的男性学生
List<Student> resList2 = studentList.stream().filter(student -> ("男".equals(student.getSex())) && student.getAge() == 18).collect(Collectors.toList());
System.out.println("resList2 : "+ resList2);
// resList2 : [Student(name=xiaoming, age=18, sex=男, teacher=mr.li, clazz=no.1)]
//取出所有学生的名字
List<String> resList3 = studentList.stream().map(student -> student.getName()).collect(Collectors.toList());
System.out.println("resList3 : "+ resList3);
// resList3 : [xiaoming, xiaoli, xiaowang, xiaogang, xiaozhao]
//取出所有学生的年龄
List<Integer> resList4 = studentList.stream().map(student -> student.getAge()).collect(Collectors.toList());
Set<Integer> resSet5 = studentList.stream().map(student -> student.getAge()).collect(Collectors.toSet());
System.out.println("resList4 : "+ resList4);
System.out.println("resSet5 : "+ resSet5);
// resList4 : [18, 18, 20, 17, 21]
// resSet5 : [17, 18, 20, 21]
//取出所有学生的名字
long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
List<Student> resList6 = studentList.stream().filter(student -> ("男".equals(student.getSex())) && student.getAge() == 18).collect(Collectors.toList());
System.out.println("resList6 time: "+ (System.currentTimeMillis()-start));
long start1 = System.currentTimeMillis();
List<Student> resList7 = studentList.parallelStream().filter(student -> ("男".equals(student.getSex())) && student.getAge() == 18).collect(Collectors.toList());
System.out.println("resList7 time: "+ (System.currentTimeMillis()-start1));
//resList6 time: 0
//resList7 time: 10
}
}
完整控制台显示:
resList : [Student(name=xiaoming, age=18, sex=男, teacher=mr.li, clazz=no.1), Student(name=xiaoli, age=18, sex=女, teacher=mr.li, clazz=no.1)]
resList2 : [Student(name=xiaoming, age=18, sex=男, teacher=mr.li, clazz=no.1)]
resList3 : [xiaoming, xiaoli]
resList4 : [18, 18]
resSet5 : [18]
resList6 time: 1
resList7 time: 13