Java 网络编程
[Java 网络编程]((4条消息) Java 网络编程_ZaynFox的博客-CSDN博客_java网络编程)
1.1网络通信要素
如何实现网络通信?
通信双方地址:
ip 端口
**规则:**网络通信协议
TCP/IP参考模型
小结:
-
网络编程中两个主要问题
如何准确的定位到网络上的一台或者多台主机;
找到主机之后如何进行通信;
-
网络编程中的要素
IP和端口号 IP
网络通信协议 UDP TCP
-
Java中万物皆对象
1.2 IP
IP地址:InetAddress
-
唯一定位网络上计算机
-
127.0.0.1:本机localhost
-
IP地址分类:
-
IPv4/ipv6
- IPv4 127.0.0.1 ,4个字节组成,0~255, 大概42亿个 2011年就用尽了
- IPv6 fe80::c4af:9498:e3d3:9891%6 128位 8个无符号整数
1022:0bb2:aaaa:0055:0330:2622:aasd:1323
-
公网(互联网)-私网(局域网)
-
192.168…x.x 一般都是局域网 专门给组织内部使用
-
-
域名:记忆ip问题
- IP:如 ww.taobao.com
//测试IP
public class TestInetAddress {
public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
//查询本机地址
InetAddress inetAddress1 = InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1");
System.out.println(inetAddress1);
InetAddress inetAddress3 = InetAddress.getByName("localhost");
System.out.println(inetAddress3);
InetAddress inetAddress4 = InetAddress.getLocalHost();
System.out.println(inetAddress4);
//查询网络地址
InetAddress inetAddress2 = InetAddress.getByName("www.baidu.com");
System.out.println(inetAddress2);
//常用方法
System.out.println(inetAddress2.getCanonicalHostName());//规范的名字
System.out.println(inetAddress2.getAddress());//ip
System.out.println(inetAddress2.getHostName());//域名
} catch (UnknownHostException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
1.3 端口
端口表示计算机上一个程序进程;
-
不同的进程有不同的端口号!用来区分软件
-
一般被规定0~65535
-
TCP/UDP 65536*2个 单个协议下端口号不能一样 tcp 80 udp80 可以
-
端口分类
- 公有端口:0~1023 尽量不要去占用
- HTTP:80
- HTTPS:443
- FTP:21
- Telent:23
- 程序注册端口:1024~49151,分配给用户或者程序
- Tomcat :8080
- MySQL:3306
- Oracle:1521
- 动态、私有:49152~65535 也不要用
netstat -ano //查看所有端口 netstat -ano|findstr "5900" //查看指定的端口
- 公有端口:0~1023 尽量不要去占用
public class TestInetSocketAddress {
public static void main(String[] args) {
InetSocketAddress inetSocketAddress = new InetSocketAddress("127.0.0.1", 8080);
System.out.println(inetSocketAddress);
InetSocketAddress inetSocketAddress2 = new InetSocketAddress("localhost", 8080);
System.out.println(inetSocketAddress2);
System.out.println(inetSocketAddress.getAddress());
System.out.println(inetSocketAddress.getPort());
System.out.println(inetSocketAddress.getHostName());
}
}
1.4 通信协议
**协议:**约定
**网络通信协议:**速率,传输码率,代码结构。。。。
- TCP:用户传输协议
- UDP:用户数据报协议
TCP/IP协议实际上是一种协议 IP:网络互连协议
TCP和UDP对比:
TCP:打电话
-
连接,稳定
-
最少需要三次才能保证连接 A:访问B B:收到A访问 A:回馈 A:我要断开了 B:你真的要断开了吗? B:你真的真的要断开了吗? A:我真的断开了
-
客户端,服务端
-
传输完成、释放连接、效率低
UDP:发短信
- 不连接、不稳定
- 客户端、服务器:没有明确的界限
- 不管有没有准备好,都可以发给你
- 战争中导弹
- DDOS:洪水攻击!
1.5 TCP(聊天)
客户端
- 连接服务器Socket;
- 发送消息;
public class TcpClient {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Socket socket =null;
OutputStream os=null;
try {
//1.要知道服务器地址
InetAddress serverIP = InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1");
//端口号
int port = 9999;
//创建一个socket连接
socket = new Socket(serverIP,port);
//发送消息 io流
os = socket.getOutputStream();
os.write("你好呀".getBytes());
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}finally {
if (os!=null){
try {
os.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (socket!=null){
try {
socket.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
}
服务器
- 建立服务端口ServerSocket
- 等待用户的链接accept
- 接收用户信息
public class TcpServer {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ServerSocket serverSocket = null;
InputStream is = null;
ByteArrayOutputStream bat= null;
Socket socket = null;
try {
//1.得有一个地址
serverSocket=new ServerSocket(9999);
//2.等待客户端连接过来
socket = serverSocket.accept();
//读取客户端的消息
is = socket.getInputStream();
//管道流
bat = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
byte[] buffer=new byte[1024];
int len;
while ((len=is.read(buffer))!=-1){
bat.write(buffer,0,len);
}
System.out.println(bat.toString());
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}finally {
//关闭资源
if (bat!=null){
try {
bat.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (is!=null){
try {
is.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (socket!=null){
try {
socket.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (serverSocket!=null){
try {
serverSocket.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
}
文件上传
public class TcpClient2 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
//1.创建一个Socket连接
Socket socket = new Socket(InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1"), 9600);
//2.创建一个输出流
OutputStream os = socket.getOutputStream();
//3.读取文件
FileInputStream file = new FileInputStream(new File("F:\\截图\\网络编程\\1.png"));
//4.写出文件
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int len;
while ((len=file.read(buffer))!=-1){
os.write(buffer,0,len);
}
//通知服务器我已经传输结束
socket.shutdownOutput();//我已经传输完
//确定服务器接收成功 断开连接
InputStream inputStream = socket.getInputStream();
ByteArrayOutputStream bat = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
byte[] buffer2 = new byte[1024];
int len2;
while ((len2=inputStream.read(buffer2))!=-1){
bat.write(buffer,0,len2);
}
System.out.println(bat.toString());
//关闭资源
bat.close();
file.close();
os.close();
socket.close();
}
}
public class TcpServer2 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
//1。创建服务
ServerSocket serverSocket = new ServerSocket(9600);
//2.监听客户端的连接
Socket socket = serverSocket.accept();
//3.获取输入流
InputStream is = socket.getInputStream();
//4.文件输出
FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(new File("3.png"));
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int len;
while ((len=is.read(buffer))!=-1){
fos.write(buffer,0,len);
}
//告诉客户端接收成功
OutputStream bc = socket.getOutputStream();
bc.write("接收完毕!".getBytes());
//关闭资源
fos.close();
is.close();
socket.close();
serverSocket.close();
}
}
1.6Tomcat
服务端
- 自定义 s
- tomcat服务器 s
客户端
- 自定义c
- 浏览器b
1.7 UDP
发送消息
public class UdpClineDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
//1.建立一个Socket
DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket();
//2.建包
String msg = "你好呀!";
InetAddress localhost = InetAddress.getByName("localhost");
int port = 9001;
//数据 数据长度起始 要发送给谁
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(msg.getBytes(), 0, msg.getBytes().length, localhost, port);
//3.发送包
socket.send(packet);
//关闭
socket.close();
}
}
//没有服务器他也不会报错
接收消息
//还是要等待客户端连接
public class UdpServerDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
//开放端口
DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(9001);
//接收数据包
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(buffer, 0, buffer.length);
socket.receive(packet);//阻塞接收
System.out.println(packet.getAddress().getHostAddress());
System.out.println(new String(packet.getData(),0,packet.getLength()));
socket.close();
}
}
循环发送消息
public class UdpSender {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(9002);
//准备数据:控制台读取System.in
BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
while (true){
String data = reader.readLine();
byte[] buffer = data.getBytes();
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(buffer, 0, buffer.length, new InetSocketAddress("localhost", 8888));
socket.send(packet);
if (data.equals("bye")){
break;
}
}
socket.close();
}
}
public class UdpReceive {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(8888);
while (true){
//准备接收包裹
byte[] bytes = new byte[1024];
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(bytes, 0, bytes.length);
socket.receive(packet);//阻塞式接收包裹
//断开连接 发送bye
byte[] data = packet.getData();
String s = new String(data, 0, data.length);
System.out.println(s);
if (s.equals("bye")){
break;
}
}
socket.close();
}
}
聊天(两个线程)
public class TalkSend implements Runnable{
DatagramSocket socket=null;
BufferedReader reader =null;
private int fromPort;
private String toIP;
private int toPort;
public TalkSend(int fromPort, String toIP, int toPort) {
this.fromPort = fromPort;
this.toIP = toIP;
this.toPort = toPort;
try {
socket = new DatagramSocket(fromPort);
reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
@Override
public void run() {
while (true){
try {
String data = null;
data = reader.readLine();
byte[] buffer = data.getBytes();
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(buffer, 0, buffer.length, new InetSocketAddress(this.toIP, this.toPort));
socket.send(packet);
if (data.equals("bye")){
break;
}
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
socket.close();
}
}
public class TalkReceive implements Runnable{
DatagramSocket socket=null;
private int port;
private String msgFrom;
public TalkReceive(int port,String msgFrom) {
this.port = port;
this.msgFrom=msgFrom;
try {
socket = new DatagramSocket(port);
} catch (SocketException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
@Override
public void run() {
while (true){
//准备接收包裹
try {
byte[] bytes = new byte[1024];
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(bytes, 0, bytes.length);
socket.receive(packet);//阻塞式接收包裹
//断开连接 发送bye
byte[] data = packet.getData();
String s = new String(data, 0, data.length);
System.out.println(msgFrom+":"+s);
if (s.equals("bye")){
break;
}
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
socket.close();
}
}
public class TalkStudent {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//开启两个线程
new Thread(new TalkSend(6666,"localhost",9999)).start();
new Thread(new TalkReceive(8888,"老师")).start();
}
}
public class TalkTeacher {
public static void main(String[] args) {
// 开启两个线程
new Thread(new TalkSend(5555,"localhost",8888)).start();
new Thread(new TalkReceive(9999,"学生")).start();
}
}
1.8URL
https://fanyi.baidu.com/
统一资源定位符:定位资源,定位互联网上的某一个资源
协议:// IP地址:端口号/项目名/资源
下载
public class URLDownd {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
URL url = new URL("https://s2.music.126.net/style/web2/img/coverall.png?b707a19a512cc70e38662dbf4f4095a9");
HttpURLConnection urlConnection=(HttpURLConnection)url.openConnection();
InputStream inputStream=urlConnection.getInputStream();
FileOutputStream fos=new FileOutputStream("1.jpg");
byte[] bytes = new byte[1024];
int len;
while ((len=inputStream.read(bytes))!=-1){
fos.write(bytes,0,len);
}
fos.close();
inputStream.close();
urlConnection.disconnect();//断开
}
}