2021-05-06

Java 网络编程

[Java 网络编程]((4条消息) Java 网络编程_ZaynFox的博客-CSDN博客_java网络编程)

1.1网络通信要素

如何实现网络通信?

通信双方地址:

ip 端口

**规则:**网络通信协议

TCP/IP参考模型
在这里插入图片描述

小结:

  1. 网络编程中两个主要问题

    如何准确的定位到网络上的一台或者多台主机;

    找到主机之后如何进行通信;

  2. 网络编程中的要素

    IP和端口号 IP

    网络通信协议 UDP TCP

  3. Java中万物皆对象

1.2 IP

IP地址:InetAddress

  • 唯一定位网络上计算机

  • 127.0.0.1:本机localhost

  • IP地址分类:

  • 域名:记忆ip问题

    • IP:如 ww.taobao.com
//测试IP
public class TestInetAddress {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        try {
            //查询本机地址
            InetAddress inetAddress1 = InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1");
            System.out.println(inetAddress1);
            InetAddress inetAddress3 = InetAddress.getByName("localhost");
            System.out.println(inetAddress3);
            InetAddress inetAddress4 = InetAddress.getLocalHost();
            System.out.println(inetAddress4);
            //查询网络地址
            InetAddress inetAddress2 = InetAddress.getByName("www.baidu.com");
            System.out.println(inetAddress2);
            //常用方法
            System.out.println(inetAddress2.getCanonicalHostName());//规范的名字
            System.out.println(inetAddress2.getAddress());//ip
            System.out.println(inetAddress2.getHostName());//域名
        } catch (UnknownHostException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

1.3 端口

端口表示计算机上一个程序进程;

  • 不同的进程有不同的端口号!用来区分软件

  • 一般被规定0~65535

  • TCP/UDP 65536*2个 单个协议下端口号不能一样 tcp 80 udp80 可以

  • 端口分类

    • 公有端口:0~1023 尽量不要去占用
      • HTTP:80
      • HTTPS:443
      • FTP:21
      • Telent:23
    • 程序注册端口:1024~49151,分配给用户或者程序
      • Tomcat :8080
      • MySQL:3306
      • Oracle:1521
    • 动态、私有:49152~65535 也不要用
    netstat -ano //查看所有端口
    netstat -ano|findstr "5900" //查看指定的端口
    
public class TestInetSocketAddress {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        InetSocketAddress inetSocketAddress = new InetSocketAddress("127.0.0.1", 8080);
        System.out.println(inetSocketAddress);
        InetSocketAddress inetSocketAddress2 = new InetSocketAddress("localhost", 8080);
        System.out.println(inetSocketAddress2);

        System.out.println(inetSocketAddress.getAddress());
        System.out.println(inetSocketAddress.getPort());
        System.out.println(inetSocketAddress.getHostName());
    }
}

1.4 通信协议

**协议:**约定

**网络通信协议:**速率,传输码率,代码结构。。。。

  • TCP:用户传输协议
  • UDP:用户数据报协议

TCP/IP协议实际上是一种协议 IP:网络互连协议

TCP和UDP对比:

TCP:打电话

  • 连接,稳定

  • 三次握手、四次挥手

    最少需要三次才能保证连接
    A:访问B
    B:收到A访问
    A:回馈
    
    A:我要断开了
    B:你真的要断开了吗?
    B:你真的真的要断开了吗?
    A:我真的断开了
    
  • 客户端,服务端

  • 传输完成、释放连接、效率低

UDP:发短信

  • 不连接、不稳定
  • 客户端、服务器:没有明确的界限
  • 不管有没有准备好,都可以发给你
  • 战争中导弹
  • DDOS:洪水攻击!

1.5 TCP(聊天)

客户端

  1. 连接服务器Socket;
  2. 发送消息;
public class TcpClient {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Socket socket =null;
        OutputStream os=null;
        try {
            //1.要知道服务器地址
            InetAddress serverIP = InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1");
            //端口号
            int port = 9999;
            //创建一个socket连接
            socket = new Socket(serverIP,port);
            //发送消息 io流
            os = socket.getOutputStream();
            os.write("你好呀".getBytes());

        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }finally {
            if (os!=null){
                try {
                    os.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            if (socket!=null){
                try {
                    socket.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

服务器

  1. 建立服务端口ServerSocket
  2. 等待用户的链接accept
  3. 接收用户信息
public class TcpServer {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ServerSocket serverSocket = null;
        InputStream is = null;
        ByteArrayOutputStream bat= null;
        Socket socket = null;

        try {
            //1.得有一个地址
            serverSocket=new ServerSocket(9999);
            //2.等待客户端连接过来
            socket = serverSocket.accept();
            //读取客户端的消息
            is = socket.getInputStream();
            //管道流
             bat = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
            byte[] buffer=new byte[1024];
            int len;
            while ((len=is.read(buffer))!=-1){
                bat.write(buffer,0,len);
            }
            System.out.println(bat.toString());


        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }finally {
            //关闭资源
            if (bat!=null){
                try {
                    bat.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            if (is!=null){
                try {
                    is.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            if (socket!=null){
                try {
                    socket.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            if (serverSocket!=null){
                try {
                    serverSocket.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }

        }
    }
}

文件上传

public class TcpClient2 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        //1.创建一个Socket连接
        Socket socket = new Socket(InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1"), 9600);
        //2.创建一个输出流
        OutputStream os = socket.getOutputStream();
        //3.读取文件
        FileInputStream file = new FileInputStream(new File("F:\\截图\\网络编程\\1.png"));
        //4.写出文件
        byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
        int len;
        while ((len=file.read(buffer))!=-1){
            os.write(buffer,0,len);
        }
        //通知服务器我已经传输结束
        socket.shutdownOutput();//我已经传输完
        //确定服务器接收成功 断开连接
        InputStream inputStream = socket.getInputStream();
        ByteArrayOutputStream bat = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
        byte[] buffer2 = new byte[1024];
        int len2;
        while ((len2=inputStream.read(buffer2))!=-1){
            bat.write(buffer,0,len2);
        }
        System.out.println(bat.toString());
        //关闭资源
        bat.close();
        file.close();
        os.close();
        socket.close();
    }
}
public class TcpServer2 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        //1。创建服务
        ServerSocket serverSocket = new ServerSocket(9600);
        //2.监听客户端的连接
        Socket socket = serverSocket.accept();
        //3.获取输入流
        InputStream is = socket.getInputStream();
        //4.文件输出
        FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(new File("3.png"));
        byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
        int len;
        while ((len=is.read(buffer))!=-1){
            fos.write(buffer,0,len);
        }
        //告诉客户端接收成功
        OutputStream bc = socket.getOutputStream();
        bc.write("接收完毕!".getBytes());

        //关闭资源
        fos.close();
        is.close();
        socket.close();
        serverSocket.close();
    }
}

1.6Tomcat

服务端

  • 自定义 s
  • tomcat服务器 s

客户端

  • 自定义c
  • 浏览器b

1.7 UDP

发送消息

public class UdpClineDemo01 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        //1.建立一个Socket
        DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket();
        //2.建包
        String msg = "你好呀!";
        InetAddress localhost = InetAddress.getByName("localhost");
        int port = 9001;
        //数据 数据长度起始 要发送给谁
        DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(msg.getBytes(), 0, msg.getBytes().length, localhost, port);
        //3.发送包
        socket.send(packet);
        //关闭
        socket.close();
    }
}
//没有服务器他也不会报错

接收消息

//还是要等待客户端连接
public class UdpServerDemo01 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        //开放端口
        DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(9001);
        //接收数据包
        byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
        DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(buffer, 0, buffer.length);
        socket.receive(packet);//阻塞接收
        System.out.println(packet.getAddress().getHostAddress());
        System.out.println(new String(packet.getData(),0,packet.getLength()));
        socket.close();
    }
}

循环发送消息

public class UdpSender {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(9002);
        //准备数据:控制台读取System.in
        BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));

        while (true){
            String data = reader.readLine();
            byte[] buffer = data.getBytes();
            DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(buffer, 0, buffer.length, new InetSocketAddress("localhost", 8888));
            socket.send(packet);
            if (data.equals("bye")){
                break;
            }
        }
        socket.close();
    }
}
public class UdpReceive {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(8888);
        while (true){
            //准备接收包裹
            byte[] bytes = new byte[1024];
            DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(bytes, 0, bytes.length);
            socket.receive(packet);//阻塞式接收包裹
            //断开连接 发送bye
            byte[] data = packet.getData();
            String s = new String(data, 0, data.length);
            System.out.println(s);
            if (s.equals("bye")){
                break;
            }


        }
        socket.close();

    }
}

聊天(两个线程)

public class TalkSend implements Runnable{
    DatagramSocket socket=null;
    BufferedReader reader =null;

    private int fromPort;
    private String toIP;
    private int toPort;

    public TalkSend(int fromPort, String toIP, int toPort) {
        this.fromPort = fromPort;
        this.toIP = toIP;
        this.toPort = toPort;

        try {
            socket = new DatagramSocket(fromPort);
            reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        while (true){

            try {
                String data = null;
                data = reader.readLine();
                byte[] buffer = data.getBytes();
                DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(buffer, 0, buffer.length, new InetSocketAddress(this.toIP, this.toPort));
                socket.send(packet);
                if (data.equals("bye")){
                    break;
                }
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }

        }
        socket.close();
    }
}
public class TalkReceive implements Runnable{
    DatagramSocket socket=null;
    private int port;
    private String msgFrom;
    public TalkReceive(int port,String msgFrom) {

        this.port = port;
        this.msgFrom=msgFrom;
        try {
            socket = new DatagramSocket(port);
        } catch (SocketException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }


    @Override
    public void run() {

        while (true){
            //准备接收包裹

            try {
                byte[] bytes = new byte[1024];
                DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(bytes, 0, bytes.length);
                socket.receive(packet);//阻塞式接收包裹
                //断开连接 发送bye
                byte[] data = packet.getData();
                String s = new String(data, 0, data.length);
                System.out.println(msgFrom+":"+s);
                if (s.equals("bye")){
                    break;
                }
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
        socket.close();
    }
}
public class TalkStudent {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //开启两个线程
        new Thread(new TalkSend(6666,"localhost",9999)).start();
        new Thread(new TalkReceive(8888,"老师")).start();
    }
}
public class TalkTeacher {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // 开启两个线程
        new Thread(new TalkSend(5555,"localhost",8888)).start();
        new Thread(new TalkReceive(9999,"学生")).start();
    }
}

1.8URL

https://fanyi.baidu.com/

统一资源定位符:定位资源,定位互联网上的某一个资源

协议:// IP地址:端口号/项目名/资源

下载

public class URLDownd {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        URL url = new URL("https://s2.music.126.net/style/web2/img/coverall.png?b707a19a512cc70e38662dbf4f4095a9");
        HttpURLConnection urlConnection=(HttpURLConnection)url.openConnection();
        InputStream inputStream=urlConnection.getInputStream();
        FileOutputStream fos=new FileOutputStream("1.jpg");
        byte[] bytes = new byte[1024];
        int len;
        while ((len=inputStream.read(bytes))!=-1){
            fos.write(bytes,0,len);
        }
        fos.close();
        inputStream.close();
        urlConnection.disconnect();//断开
    }
}
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