RabbitMQ(一)----simple、work queues

一.simple简单队列
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1.导入依赖jar包

<dependency>
      <groupId>com.rabbitmq</groupId>
      <artifactId>amqp-client</artifactId>
      <version>4.0.2</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
      <artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId>
      <version>1.7.10</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
      <artifactId>slf4j-log4j12</artifactId>
      <version>1.7.5</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>log4j</groupId>
      <artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
      <version>1.2.17</version>
    </dependency>

2.获取rabbitmq的连接
ConnectionUtils.java

public class ConnectionUtils {
    /**
     * 获取rabbitmq的连接
     * @return
     */
    public static Connection getConnection() throws IOException, TimeoutException {
        //定义一个连接工厂
        ConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory();

        //设置服务地址
        factory.setHost("127.0.0.1");

        //AMQP 5672
        factory.setPort(5672);

        //virtualHost 相当于就是数据库
        factory.setVirtualHost("/db1");

        //用户名
        factory.setUsername("xuanxuanxuan");
        //密码
        factory.setPassword("12345678");

        return factory.newConnection();
    }
}

Send.java 生产者生产消息

public class Send {
    private static final String QUEUE_NAME = "test_simple_queue";
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{
        //创建一个连接
        Connection connection = ConnectionUtils.getConnection();

        //从连接中获取一个通道
        Channel channel = connection.createChannel();

        //创建队列
        channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME,false,false,false,null);

        String msg = "hello simple !";
        channel.basicPublish("",QUEUE_NAME,null,msg.getBytes());
        System.out.println("----send msg:"+msg);


        channel.close();
        connection.close();
    }
}

Receive.java 消费者消费消息

/**
 * 消费者获取消息
 */
public class Receive {
    private static final String QUEUE_NAME = "test_simple_queue";
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{
        //获取连接
        Connection connection = ConnectionUtils.getConnection();

        //根据连接得到通道
        Channel channel = connection.createChannel();

        //定义队列的消费者
        QueueingConsumer consumer = new QueueingConsumer(channel);//旧的api

        //监听队列
        channel.basicConsume(QUEUE_NAME,true,consumer);
        while (true){
            QueueingConsumer.Delivery delivery = consumer.nextDelivery();

            String msgString = new String(delivery.getBody());
            System.out.println("[receive] msg:"+msgString);
        }
    }
}

新版api

 public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{
        //获取连接
        Connection connection = ConnectionUtils.getConnection();
        //创建通道
        Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
        //队列声明
        channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME,false,false,false,null);
		
     	//定义消费者
        DefaultConsumer defaultConsumer = new DefaultConsumer(channel) {
            //获取到到达的消息
            @Override
            public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope, AMQP.BasicProperties properties, byte[] body) throws IOException {
                String msgString = new String(body, "utf-8");
                System.out.println("new api receive:" + msgString);
            }
        };

        //监听队列
        channel.basicConsume(QUEUE_NAME,true,defaultConsumer);
    }

二.work queues 工作队列 公平分发 轮询分发

简单队列的不足:耦合性高,生产者一一对应消费者(如果我想有多个消费者消费队列中的消息,这时候就不行了),队列名变更,这时候得同时变更。
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为什么会出现工作队列?

​ Simple队列是一一对应的,而且我们实际开发,生产者发送消息是毫不费力的,而消费者一般是要跟业务相结合的。消费者接收到消息之后就需要处理,可能需要花费时间,这时候队列就会积压很多消息,一个消费者不够消费这些消息,这时候就需要多个消费者来消费。

1轮询分发

Send.java 生产者

public class Send {
    private static final String QUEUE_NAME = "test_work_queues";
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException, InterruptedException {
        //获取连接
        Connection connection = ConnectionUtils.getConnection();

        //获取channel
        Channel channel = connection.createChannel();

        //声明队列
        channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME,false,false,false,null);

        for (int i = 0; i < 50; i++) {
            String msg = UUID.randomUUID().toString();

            channel.basicPublish("",QUEUE_NAME,null,msg.getBytes());
            TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS.sleep(20);
        }

        channel.close();
        connection.close();
    }
}

Receive1.java 消费者1

public class Receive1 {
    private static final String QUEUE_NAME = "test_work_queues";
    private static int i = 1;

    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException {
        //获取连接
        Connection connection = ConnectionUtils.getConnection();
        //获取通道
        Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
        //声明队列
        channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME,false,false,false,null);

        //创建消费者
        DefaultConsumer defaultConsumer = new DefaultConsumer(channel) {
            //一旦有消息就会触发这个方法
            @Override
            public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope, AMQP.BasicProperties properties, byte[] body) throws IOException {
                String str = new String(body,"utf-8");
                System.out.println("[1] receive :"+str+"   "+(i++));
                try {
                    TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1);
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        };

        //监听队列
        channel.basicConsume(QUEUE_NAME,true,defaultConsumer);
    }
}

Receive2.java

public class Receive2 {
    private static final String QUEUE_NAME = "test_work_queues";
    private static int i = 1;

    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException {
        //获取连接
        Connection connection = ConnectionUtils.getConnection();
        //获取通道
        Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
        //声明队列
        channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME,false,false,false,null);

        //创建消费者
        DefaultConsumer defaultConsumer = new DefaultConsumer(channel) {
            //一旦有消息就会触发这个方法
            @Override
            public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope, AMQP.BasicProperties properties, byte[] body) throws IOException {
                String str = new String(body,"utf-8");
                System.out.println("[2] receive :"+str+"   "+(i++));
                try {
                    TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(2);
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        };

        //监听队列
        channel.basicConsume(QUEUE_NAME,true,defaultConsumer);
    }
}

现象:消费者1和消费者2处理的消息是一样的,是均分的。这就是轮询分发(round-robin),结果就是无论忙与不忙,都不会多给一个任务,任务消息总是你一个我一个,轮换着来。

2公平分发 fair dipath

即能者多得

Send.java

public class Send {
    private static final String QUEUE_NAME = "test_work_queues";
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException, InterruptedException {
        //获取连接
        Connection connection = ConnectionUtils.getConnection();

        //获取channel
        Channel channel = connection.createChannel();

        //声明队列
        channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME,false,false,false,null);

        /**
         * 每个消费者发送确认消息之前,消息队列不发送下一个消息到消费者,一次只处理一个消息
         * 限制发送给同一个消费者,不得超过一条消息
         */
        int prefetchCount = 1;
        channel.basicQos(prefetchCount);
        for (int i = 0; i < 50; i++) {
            String msg = UUID.randomUUID().toString();

            channel.basicPublish("",QUEUE_NAME,null,msg.getBytes());
            TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS.sleep(20);
        }

        channel.close();
        connection.close();
    }
}

Receive1.java

public class Receive1 {
    private static final String QUEUE_NAME = "test_work_queues";
    private static int i = 1;

    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException {
        //获取连接
        Connection connection = ConnectionUtils.getConnection();
        //获取通道
        final Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
        //声明队列
        channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME,false,false,false,null);

        channel.basicQos(1);//保证一次只分发一个
        //创建消费者
        DefaultConsumer defaultConsumer = new DefaultConsumer(channel) {
            //一旦有消息就会触发这个方法
            @Override
            public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope, AMQP.BasicProperties properties, byte[] body) throws IOException {
                String str = new String(body,"utf-8");
                System.out.println("[1] receive :"+str+"   "+(i++));
                try {
                    TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1);
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }finally {
                    System.out.println("[1] done");
                    channel.basicAck(envelope.getDeliveryTag(),false);
                }
            }
        };

        //监听队列   autoAck=false   即第二个参数改为false  不让其自动应答
        channel.basicConsume(QUEUE_NAME,false,defaultConsumer);
    }
}

Receive2.java

public class Receive2 {
    private static final String QUEUE_NAME = "test_work_queues";
    private static int i = 1;

    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException {
        //获取连接
        Connection connection = ConnectionUtils.getConnection();
        //获取通道
        final Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
        //声明队列
        channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME,false,false,false,null);

        channel.basicQos(1);
        //创建消费者
        DefaultConsumer defaultConsumer = new DefaultConsumer(channel) {
            //一旦有消息就会触发这个方法
            @Override
            public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope, AMQP.BasicProperties properties, byte[] body) throws IOException {
                String str = new String(body,"utf-8");
                System.out.println("[2] receive :"+str+"   "+(i++));
                try {
                    TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(2);
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }finally {
                    System.out.println("[2] done ");
                    //手动回执
                    channel.basicAck(envelope.getDeliveryTag(),false);
                }
            }
        };

        //监听队列  不让其自动应答
        channel.basicConsume(QUEUE_NAME,false,defaultConsumer);
    }
}

3消息应答与消息持久化
消息应答:

boolean autoAck = false;

channel.basicConsume(QUEUE_NAME,autoAck,consumer);

boolean autoAck = true;//自动确认模式 一旦rabbitmq将消息分发给消费者,就会从内存中删除

这种情况下,如果杀死正在执行的消费者,就会丢失正在处理的消息

boolean autoAck = false;手动模式 如果一个消费者挂掉,就会交付给其他消费者。rabbitmq支持消息应答,消费者发送一个消息应答,告诉rabbitmq这个消息我已经处理完成,你可以删了,然后rabbitmq就删除内存中的消息

消息应答默认是打开的,false。

如果rabbitmq挂掉了,那么消息也会丢失。

消息持久化

boolean durable = false;

channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME,durable,false,false,null);

我们将程序中的boolean durable = false;改成true;是不可以的,即使代码是正确的,他也不会运行成功的!因为我们已经定义了一个叫test_work_queue,这个queue是未持久化的。rabbitmq不允许重新定义(不同参数)一个已存在的队列。

解决方案:①在控制台将这个队列删除掉

​ ②修改队列名

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