获取Git权限的三种方式

写在最前

1. 本文以为Azure Devlop的平台为例子操作三种获取Git权限的办法
2. Github、Gitlab、Gitee、Gitcode等平台操作类似
3. 主要是便于理解获取Git权限的几种采用方式
4. Git工具安装时，如果没有特别勾选不安装SSH，默认是Git安装好之后是会携带了SSH工具
5. 本文以git clone指令拉取代码为例子，当没有权限获取项目时，会出现类似错误：

R7000@DESKTOP-30AFPHP MINGW64 /d/Workspace/Py/gitest $ git clone
https://XXXX8009@dev.azure.com/XXXX8009/GitTestProject/_git/GitTestProject
Cloning into 'GitTestProject'... fatal: User canceled authentication.
error: unable to read askpass response from
'D:/Git/mingw64/bin/git-askpass.exe' Password for
'https://XXXX8009@dev.azure.com/XXXX8009/GitTestProject/_git/GitTestProject':
fatal: Authentication failed for
'https://dev.azure.com/XXXX8009/GitTestProject/_git/GitTestProject/'

R7000@DESKTOP-30AFPHP MINGW64 /d/Workspace/Py/gitest $ git clone
git@ssh.dev.azure.com:v3/XXXX8009/GitTestProject/GitTestProject
Cloning into 'GitTestProject'... Load key
"/c/Users/R7000/.ssh/id_rsa": invalid format git@ssh.dev.azure.com's
password: Permission denied, please try again. git@ssh.dev.azure.com's
password: Permission denied, please try again. git@ssh.dev.azure.com's
password: git@ssh.dev.azure.com: Permission denied
(password,publickey). fatal: Could not read from remote repository.

Please make sure you have the correct access rights and the repository
exists.

1. HTTPS配合用户名和密码访问Git

1.1 获取当前项目的用户和密码

• 1. 选择项目的方式为HTTPS：
     
• 2. 生成用户名和密码
     

1.2 通过临时用户获取Git权限

• 1. 由于Azure比较特殊会提示登录VS，这边取消了登录VS会提示fatal: User canceled authentication.但是用户名和密码是可以使用的

R7000@DESKTOP-30AFPHP MINGW64 /d/Workspace/Py/gitest
$ git clone https://XXXX8009@dev.azure.com/XXXX8009/GitTestProject/_git/GitTestProject
Cloning into 'GitTestProject'...
fatal: User canceled authentication.
remote: Azure Repos
remote: Found 22 objects to send. (2 ms)
Unpacking objects: 100% (22/22), 5.62 KiB | 122.00 KiB/s, done.

R7000@DESKTOP-30AFPHP MINGW64 /d/Workspace/Py/gitest/GitTestProject (main)
$ git status
On branch main
Your branch is up to date with 'origin/main'.

nothing to commit, working tree clean

• 2. 这里打开项目里面的.git文件夹查看config文件

[core]
	repositoryformatversion = 0
	filemode = false
	bare = false
	logallrefupdates = true
	symlinks = false
	ignorecase = true
[remote "origin"]
	url = https://XXXX8009@dev.azure.com/XXXX8009/GitTestProject/_git/GitTestProject
	fetch = +refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/origin/*
[branch "main"]
	remote = origin
	merge = refs/heads/main

2. HTTPS配合token访问Git

2.1 创建token

• 1. 点击Personal access token按钮 创建token
     
• 2. 跳转之后点击New token

• 3. 输入名字和时间以及权限之后创建token，千万保存并记录好token秘钥那串字符数字

• 4. 有意思的是之前自动生成用户名和密码 实际上也是携带了一个token，为什么这么猜测呢，因为之后查看用token获取权限后的config文件可以看出
     

2.2 HTTPS配合token获取Git权限

• 1. 同样拉去代码，选择HTTPS的方式，这里不需要创建用户名和密码

• 2. 打开git bash，手动在git 连接前面 @开头的信息去掉换成token信息，即原来的git连接为https://XXXX8009@dev.azure.com/XXXX8009/GitTestProject/_git/GitTestProject现在的为https://XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX7pgv6xxfeigim7ygw3lydz4xbpo7vyy2q@dev.azure.com/XXXX8009/GitTestProject/_git/GitTestProject

R7000@DESKTOP-30AFPHP MINGW64 /d/Workspace/Py/gitest
$ git clone https://XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX7pgv6xxfeigim7ygw3lydz4xbpo7vyy2q@dev.azure.com/XXXX8009/GitTestProject/_git/GitTestProject
Cloning into 'GitTestProject'...
remote: Azure Repos
remote: Found 22 objects to send. (19 ms)
Unpacking objects: 100% (22/22), 5.62 KiB | 85.00 KiB/s, done.

• 3. 此时的项目下的git config信息中的URL是携带token的，可以猜测之前随机生成的用户名和密码时，也是携带了token信息

[core]
	repositoryformatversion = 0
	filemode = false
	bare = false
	logallrefupdates = true
	symlinks = false
	ignorecase = true
[remote "origin"]
	url = https://XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX7pgv6xxfeigim7ygw3lydz4xbpo7vyy2q@dev.azure.com/XXXX8009/GitTestProject/_git/GitTestProject
	fetch = +refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/origin/*
[branch "main"]
	remote = origin
	merge = refs/heads/main

3. SSH访问Git

3.1 生成SSH公钥和私钥

• 1. 打开cmd或者git bash，输入ssh-keygen -t rsa，为了方便，提示选项可以enter键跳过，最后生成文件在C盘用户目录的.ssh文件夹下，如这里的/c/Users/R7000/.ssh/，其中.pub为公钥

$ ssh-keygen -t rsa
Generating public/private rsa key pair.
Enter file in which to save the key (/c/Users/R7000/.ssh/id_rsa):
Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase):
Enter same passphrase again:
Your identification has been saved in /c/Users/R7000/.ssh/id_rsa
Your public key has been saved in /c/Users/R7000/.ssh/id_rsa.pub
The key fingerprint is:
SHA256:QevS8lBgx8OihC4ipYP+4fmg1vBuH9DrXTuzqRHmq2A R7000@DESKTOP-30AFPHP
The key's randomart image is:
+---[RSA 3072]----+
|   .  ooo        |
|  o ...++.       |
|.+ . . .+.       |
|B . o  + .       |
|+o . .+oS        |
| o .. +=.        |
|  *Eoo o..       |
| .oB+ o +oo      |
|..o.o=.+.++      |
+----[SHA256]-----+

• 2. 复制公钥信息，到代码仓库的SSH中

• 3. 点击添加SSH KEY：
     
• 4. 将公钥信息复制进去，其中Name自定义
     
     

3.2 使用SSH获取Git权限

• 1. 添加成功SSH信息之后，利用SSH连接就可以直接获取Git权限了

R7000@DESKTOP-30AFPHP MINGW64 /d/Workspace/Py/gitest
$ git clone git@ssh.dev.azure.com:v3/XXXX8009/GitTestProject/GitTestProject
Cloning into 'GitTestProject'...
remote: Azure Repos
remote: Found 22 objects to send. (6 ms)
Receiving objects: 100% (22/22), 5.64 KiB | 1.41 MiB/s, done.
Resolving deltas: 100% (1/1), done.