JPA对象的四种状态
1、瞬时状态(Transient):
与数据库没有对应,跟Session没有关联
一般是新new出的对象
2、持久化状态(Persist):
对象再Session的管理之中,最终会有对应的数据记录
特点:
a、有OID(唯一标示)
b、对对象的修改会同步到数据库中
3、脱管状态/游离状态(Detached):
数据库中有对应记录,但对象不再Session管理之中
修改了此状态对象时,数据库不会变化
4、垃圾回收状态(Removed):
执行了delete()后的对象,实际上就是瞬时对象的另一种形态罢了。
重点:
区分状态的2个标识
1. 是否存在OID
2. 是否和session建立关系
临时状态
没有OID,和session没有关系
持久化状态
有OID,和session有关系
脱管状态
没有OID,和session没有关系
垃圾回收状态
del 删除了该对象
新建一个maven项目
目录结构如下:
数据库表t_user
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `t_user`;
CREATE TABLE `t_user` (
`id` int NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`username` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
`password` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=106 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
实体类User.java
package com.kevin.entity;
import lombok.Data;
import javax.persistence.*;
import java.io.Serializable;
/**
* @Author: KevinJee
* @CreateTime: 2021-12-20 15:21
* @Description:
*/
@Data
@Entity
@Table(name = "t_user")
public class User implements Serializable {
@Id
@GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.AUTO)
private Integer id;
private String username;
private String password;
}
hibernate.cfg.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-configuration PUBLIC
"-//Hibernate/Hibernate Configuration DTD 3.0//EN"
"http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-configuration-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-configuration>
<session-factory>
<!-- Hibernate 连接数据库的基本信息 -->
<property name="connection.username">root</property>
<property name="connection.password">root</property>
<property name="connection.driver_class">com.mysql.jdbc.Driver</property>
<property name="connection.url">jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/jpatest?characterEncoding=utf-8&serverTimezone=Asia/Shanghai&useSSL=false&allowPublicKeyRetrieval=true</property>
<!-- Hibernate 的基本配置 -->
<!-- Hibernate 使用的数据库方言 -->
<property name="dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLInnoDBDialect</property>
<!-- 运行时是否打印 SQL -->
<property name="show_sql">true</property>
<!-- 运行时是否格式化 SQL -->
<property name="format_sql">true</property>
<!-- 生成数据表的策略 -->
<property name="hbm2ddl.auto">update</property>
<!-- 设置 Hibernate 的事务隔离级别 -->
<property name="connection.isolation">2</property>
<!-- 删除对象后, 使其 OID 置为 null -->
<property name="use_identifier_rollback">true</property>
<!-- 配置 C3P0 数据源 -->
<property name="hibernate.c3p0.max_size">10</property>
<property name="hibernate.c3p0.min_size">5</property>
<property name="c3p0.acquire_increment">2</property>
<property name="c3p0.idle_test_period">2000</property>
<property name="c3p0.timeout">2000</property>
<property name="c3p0.max_statements">10</property>
<!-- 设定 JDBC 的 Statement 读取数据的时候每次从数据库中取出的记录条数 -->
<property name="hibernate.jdbc.fetch_size">100</property>
<!-- 设定对数据库进行批量删除,批量更新和批量插入的时候的批次大小 -->
<property name="jdbc.batch_size">30</property>
<!-- 需要关联的 hibernate 映射文件 .hbm.xml -->
<mapping resource="User.hbm.xml"/>
</session-factory>
</hibernate-configuration>
User.hbm.xml
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
"http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
<!-- Generated 2017-4-2 18:05:47 by Hibernate Tools 3.5.0.Final -->
<hibernate-mapping>
<class name="com.kevin.entity.User" table="t_user">
<id name="id" type="int">
<column name="id" />
<generator class="increment" />
</id>
<property name="username" type="java.lang.String">
<column name="username" />
</property>
<property name="password" type="java.lang.String">
<column name="password" />
</property>
</class>
</hibernate-mapping>
UserTest.java
测试类
注意导包:
import org.junit.Test;
import org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration;
import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
坐标
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
1. testSave
@Test
public void testSave(){
Session session = sessionFactory.openSession();
session.beginTransaction();
//-----------------------------------------------
//构建对象
User user = new User(); //临时状态
user.setUsername("Jee");
session.save(user); //变成持久化状态
user.setUsername("Kevin");
//-----------------------------------------------
session.getTransaction().commit();
session.close();
System.out.println(user.getUsername());
}
2. testUpdate
@Test
public void testUpdate(){
Session session = sessionFactory.openSession();
session.beginTransaction();
//-----------------------------------------------
User user = (User) session.get(User.class, 1);
System.out.println(user.getUsername()); //持久化状态
user.setUsername("newname");
session.flush(); //刷出到数据库
session.clear(); //变为游离状态,清除session中所有的对象
//session.evict(user); //清除session中一个指定的对象
//-----------------------------------------------
session.getTransaction().commit();
session.close();
}
3. testSaveOrUpdate
@Test
public void testSaveOrUpdate(){
Session session = sessionFactory.openSession();
session.beginTransaction();
//-----------------------------------------------
User user = new User();
user.setId(4); //自己生成一个游离状态对象
user.setUsername("kevinJee");
session.saveOrUpdate(user);
//-----------------------------------------------
session.getTransaction().commit();
session.close();
}
4. testDelete
@Test
public void testDelete(){
Session session = sessionFactory.openSession();
session.beginTransaction();
//-----------------------------------------------
User user = (User) session.get(User.class, 4);
session.delete(user);
//-----------------------------------------------
session.getTransaction().commit();
session.close();
}
5. testGet
@Test
public void testGet(){
Session session = sessionFactory.openSession();
session.beginTransaction();
//-----------------------------------------------
User user = (User) session.get(User.class, 1);
System.out.println("====");
System.out.println(user.getUsername());
//-----------------------------------------------
session.getTransaction().commit();
session.close();
}
6. testLoad
@Test
public void testLoad(){
Session session = sessionFactory.openSession();
session.beginTransaction();
//-----------------------------------------------
User user = (User) session.load(User.class, 1);
System.out.println("=====");
System.out.println(user.getUsername());
//-----------------------------------------------
session.getTransaction().commit();
session.close();
}
7. testBatchSave
@Test
public void testBatchSave(){
Session session = sessionFactory.openSession();
session.beginTransaction();
//-----------------------------------------------
for(int i = 0; i < 100; i++){
User user = new User();
user.setUsername("测试");
session.save(user);
if(i % 15 ==0){
session.flush(); //先刷出
session.clear(); //再清空
}
}
//-----------------------------------------------
session.getTransaction().commit();
session.close();
}