抽象类和接口的问题

抽象类

在面向对象的概念中，所有的对象都是通过类来描绘的，但是反过来，并不是所有的类都是用来描绘对象的，如果一个类中没有包含足够的信息来描绘一个具体的对象，这样的类就是抽象类。

抽象类不能够实例化对象，

抽象类只能被继承或者被当做接口实现。

/* 文件名 : Employee.java */
public abstract class Employee
{
   private String name;
   private String address;
   private int number;
   public Employee(String name, String address, int number)
   {
      System.out.println("Constructing an Employee");
      this.name = name;
      this.address = address;
      this.number = number;
   }
   public double computePay()
   {
     System.out.println("Inside Employee computePay");
     return 0.0;
   }
   public void mailCheck()
   {
      System.out.println("Mailing a check to " + this.name
       + " " + this.address);
   }
   public String toString()
   {
      return name + " " + address + " " + number;
   }
   public String getName()
   {
      return name;
   }
   public String getAddress()
   {
      return address;
   }
   public void setAddress(String newAddress)
   {
      address = newAddress;
   }
   public int getNumber()
   {
     return number;
   }
}

这就是一个抽象类，可以被继承，但不能通过他创建对象
如果创建对象，则会报错：

/* 文件名 : AbstractDemo.java */
public class AbstractDemo
{
   public static void main(String [] args)
   {
      /* 以下是不允许的，会引发错误 */
      Employee e = new Employee("George W.", "Houston, TX", 43);
 
      System.out.println("\n Call mailCheck using Employee reference--");
      e.mailCheck();
    }
}

需要一个类来继承这个抽象类：

/* 文件名 : Salary.java */
public class Salary extends Employee
{
   private double salary; //Annual salary
   public Salary(String name, String address, int number, double
      salary)
   {
       super(name, address, number);
       setSalary(salary);
   }
   public void mailCheck()
   {
       System.out.println("Within mailCheck of Salary class ");
       System.out.println("Mailing check to " + getName()
       + " with salary " + salary);
   }
   public double getSalary()
   {
       return salary;
   }
   public void setSalary(double newSalary)
   {
       if(newSalary >= 0.0)
       {
          salary = newSalary;
       }
   }
   public double computePay()
   {
      System.out.println("Computing salary pay for " + getName());
      return salary/52;
   }
}

然后可以实例化该类：

/* 文件名 : AbstractDemo.java */
public class AbstractDemo
{
   public static void main(String [] args)
   {
      Salary s = new Salary("Mohd Mohtashim", "Ambehta, UP", 3, 3600.00);
      Employee e = new Salary("John Adams", "Boston, MA", 2, 2400.00);
 
      System.out.println("Call mailCheck using Salary reference --");
      s.mailCheck();
 
      System.out.println("\n Call mailCheck using Employee reference--");
      e.mailCheck();
    }
}