MongoDB 单机安装部署

说明

本篇文章介绍 MongoDB 二进制安装的步骤，整个过程还是比较简单。

1. 下载安装包

进入 MongoDB 官网，获取安装包的下载链接：

https://www.mongodb.com/try/download/community

以下载 5.0.23 版本为例：

wget https://fastdl.mongodb.org/linux/mongodb-linux-x86_64-rhel70-5.0.23.tgz

2. 安装数据库

解压缩包：

tar -zxvf mongodb-linux-x86_64-rhel70-5.0.23.tgz 

drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 70 12月 19 10:21 bin
-rw-r–r-- 1 root root 30608 11月 20 23:29 LICENSE-Community.txt
-rw-r–r-- 1 root root 16726 11月 20 23:29 MPL-2
-rw-r–r-- 1 root root 1977 11月 20 23:29 README
-rw-r–r-- 1 root root 77913 11月 20 23:29 THIRD-PARTY-NOTICES

mv mongodb-linux-x86_64-rhel70-5.0.23 /usr/local/mongodb

创建配置文件：

touch /usr/local/mongodb/mongod.conf

创建数据目录：

mkdir -p /data/mongodb/{data,logs,run}

创建 mongod 用户：

groupadd mongod
useradd -g mongod -s /sbin/nologin -r mongod

修改文件属组：

chown -R mongod:mongod /usr/local/mongodb/
chown -R mongod:mongod /data/mongodb/

配置环境变量：

echo "export PATH=\$PATH:/usr/local/mongodb/bin" >> /etc/profile
source /etc/profile

写入配置文件：

vi /usr/local/mongodb/mongod.conf

# where to write logging data. 
systemLog:
  destination: file
  logAppend: true
  path: /data/mongodb/logs/mongod.log
# Where and how to store data.
storage:
  dbPath: /data/mongodb/data
  journal:
    enabled: true

# how the process runs
processManagement:
  fork: true  # fork and run in background
  pidFilePath: /data/mongodb/run/mongod.pid  # location of pidfile

# network interfaces
net:
  port: 27017
  bindIp: 0.0.0.0  # Enter 0.0.0.0,:: to bind to all IPv4 and IPv6 addresses or, alternatively, use the net.bindIpAll setting.
  maxIncomingConnections: 2000 # 最大连接数
security: 
  authorization: enabled

启动 MongoDB：

PS：可以不用启动，直接配置 systemctl : ）

/usr/local/mongodb/bin/mongod -f /usr/local/mongodb/mongod.conf

about to fork child process, waiting until server is ready for connections.
forked process: 28580
child process started successfully, parent exiting

关闭 MongoDB：

/usr/local/mongodb/bin/mongod -f /usr/local/mongodb/mongod.conf --shutdown

交互客户端中关闭 MongoDB：

use admin
db.shutdownServer()

3. 配置 systemctl

配置前需要把刚启动的 MongoDB 手动关闭掉，否则测试会报错。

vi /usr/lib/systemd/system/mongod.service

将下面内容，写入 mongod.service 中。

[Unit]
Description=MongoDB Database Server
Documentation=https://docs.mongodb.org/manual
After=network-online.target
Wants=network-online.target


[Service]
User=mongod
Group=mongod
Environment="OPTIONS=-f /usr/local/mongodb/mongod.conf"
ExecStart=/usr/local/mongodb/bin/mongod $OPTIONS
PermissionsStartOnly=true
PIDFile=/data/mongodb/run/mongod.pid
Type=forking
# file size
LimitFSIZE=infinity
# cpu time
LimitCPU=infinity
# virtual memory size
LimitAS=infinity
# open files
LimitNOFILE=64000
# processes/threads
LimitNPROC=64000
# locked memory
LimitMEMLOCK=infinity
# total threads (user+kernel)
TasksMax=infinity
TasksAccounting=false
# Recommended limits for mongod as specified in
# https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/reference/ulimit/#recommended-ulimit-settings


[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

重新加载配置：

systemctl daemon-reload

# 启动
systemctl start mongod
# 查看状态
systemctl status mongod
# 设置开机自启
systemctl enable mongod

PS：如果使用 systemctl 启动失败，通常是目录授权问题，或者是未删除 mongod.lock 找到它并删除再重试。

4. 创建 root 用户

配置文件中开启了授权，所以进入 MongoDB 后需要先创建 root 高权限账号。

use admin
db.createUser ( {user: "root",pwd: "admin123",roles: [{role: "root", db: "admin"}]})