Linux，DHCP服务器配置

Linux，DHCP服务器配置

配置环境，redhat5.8（适用于linux新手练手）

安装

如果用rpm安装无法自动安装依赖包。
有yum源的情况下直接安装，没有yum源先配置/etc/yum.repos.d/local.repo：

yum install dhcp

查看安装文件：

[root@localhost ~]# rpm -q dhcp
dhcp-3.0.5-31.el5

[root@localhost ~]# rpm -ql dhcp
/etc/dhcpd.conf
/etc/rc.d/init.d/dhcpd
/etc/rc.d/init.d/dhcrelay
/etc/sysconfig/dhcpd
/etc/sysconfig/dhcrelay
/usr/bin/omshell
/usr/sbin/dhcpd
/usr/sbin/dhcrelay
/usr/share/doc/dhcp-3.0.5
/usr/share/doc/dhcp-3.0.5/IANA-arp-parameters
/usr/share/doc/dhcp-3.0.5/README
/usr/share/doc/dhcp-3.0.5/RELNOTES
/usr/share/doc/dhcp-3.0.5/api+protocol
/usr/share/doc/dhcp-3.0.5/dhcpd.conf.sample
/usr/share/doc/dhcp-3.0.5/draft-ietf-dhc-authentication-14.txt
/usr/share/doc/dhcp-3.0.5/draft-ietf-dhc-dhcp-dns-12.txt
/usr/share/doc/dhcp-3.0.5/draft-ietf-dhc-failover-07.txt
/usr/share/doc/dhcp-3.0.5/ja_JP.eucJP
/usr/share/doc/dhcp-3.0.5/ja_JP.eucJP/dhclient-script.8
/usr/share/doc/dhcp-3.0.5/ja_JP.eucJP/dhclient.8
/usr/share/doc/dhcp-3.0.5/ja_JP.eucJP/dhclient.conf.5
/usr/share/doc/dhcp-3.0.5/ja_JP.eucJP/dhclient.leases.5
/usr/share/doc/dhcp-3.0.5/ja_JP.eucJP/dhcp-eval.5
/usr/share/doc/dhcp-3.0.5/ja_JP.eucJP/dhcp-options.5
/usr/share/doc/dhcp-3.0.5/rfc1542.txt
/usr/share/doc/dhcp-3.0.5/rfc2131.txt
/usr/share/doc/dhcp-3.0.5/rfc2132.txt
/usr/share/doc/dhcp-3.0.5/rfc2485.txt
/usr/share/doc/dhcp-3.0.5/rfc2489.txt
/usr/share/doc/dhcp-3.0.5/rfc951.txt
/usr/share/man/man1/omshell.1.gz
/usr/share/man/man5/dhcp-eval.5.gz
/usr/share/man/man5/dhcp-options.5.gz
/usr/share/man/man5/dhcpd-eval.5.gz
/usr/share/man/man5/dhcpd-options.5.gz
/usr/share/man/man5/dhcpd.conf.5.gz
/usr/share/man/man5/dhcpd.leases.5.gz
/usr/share/man/man8/dhcpd.8.gz
/usr/share/man/man8/dhcrelay.8.gz
/var/lib/dhcpd
/var/lib/dhcpd/dhcpd.leases

配置

打开dhcp服务器的主配置文件/etc/dhcpd.conf：

#
# DHCP Server Configuration file.
#   see /usr/share/doc/dhcp*/dhcpd.conf.sample
#

初次安装根据他的提示参考/usr/share/doc/dhcp*/dhcpd.conf.sample：

[root@localhost ~]# cat /usr/share/doc/dhcp-3.0.5/dhcpd.conf.sample
 
ddns-update-style interim;
ignore client-updates;

subnet 192.168.0.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {

# --- default gateway
        option routers                  192.168.0.1;
        option subnet-mask              255.255.255.0;

        option nis-domain               "domain.org";
        option domain-name              "domain.org";
        option domain-name-servers      192.168.1.1;

        option time-offset              -18000; # Eastern Standard Time
#       option ntp-servers              192.168.1.1;
#       option netbios-name-servers     192.168.1.1;
# --- Selects point-to-point node (default is hybrid). Don't change this unless
# -- you understand Netbios very well
#       option netbios-node-type 2;

        range dynamic-bootp 192.168.0.128 192.168.0.254;
        default-lease-time 21600;
        max-lease-time 43200;

        # we want the nameserver to appear at a fixed address
        host ns {
                next-server marvin.redhat.com;
                hardware ethernet 12:34:56:78:AB:CD;
                fixed-address 207.175.42.254;
        }
}

直接将该文件copy并重命名为/etc/dhcpd.conf覆盖原有文件：

# cp /usr/share/doc/dhcp-3.0.5/dhcpd.conf.sample /etc/dhcpd.conf 
cp：是否覆盖“/etc/dhcpd.conf”? y
You have new mail in /var/spool/mail/root

/etc/dhcpd.conf主要更改以下参数：

• 有几个不同的dhcp需求的区域就写几个，花括号里是关于此dhcp服务器的配置
  

• 默认网关地址和掩码配置
  

• 指定NIS（网络信息服务）域名
  

• 时区设置
  

• DHCP的地址池
  

• ip地址租约设置
  

• 用来绑定固定ip
  

启动服务器测试

前情提要：设置的ip为192.168.19.0/24
service dhcpd restart启动DHCP服务
在另外一台主机上修改IP地址设置模式为DHCP（动态），命令操作如下：

 vi /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0

再打开的配置文件中，修改为BOOTPROTO=dhcp

service network restart

客户端通过查看/var/lib/dhclient/dhclient-eth0.leases，可以知道是从哪台dhcp服务器分配的地址。

server可以通过/var/lib/dhcpd/dhcpd.leases查看ip分配情况。