explain select …
https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/explain-output.html#explain-join-types
trace
SET OPTIMIZER_TRACE=“enabled=on”;
SELECT QUERY, LEFT(TRACE,1000) AS TRACE FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.OPTIMIZER_TRACE;
https://www.got-it.ai/solutions/sqlquerychat/sql-help/data-query/how-to-trace-queries-in-mysql/