iOS底层原理(二):Runtime研究(一)

最新推荐文章于 2022-02-25 14:01:46 发布

D_猿员

最新推荐文章于 2022-02-25 14:01:46 发布

阅读量186

点赞数

分类专栏： iOS iOS开发文章标签： iOS iOS开发

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_42792413/article/details/83542885

版权

Objective-C的Runtime库是其面向对象和动态机制的基础，它负责类和对象的创建、消息传递和转发。Runtime提供了三种交互方式：1) 消息发送；2) 通过方法间接调用；3) 直接调用Runtime API。了解Runtime可以帮助开发者更好地解决问题，甚至扩展语言功能。文章介绍了Runtime如何在编译和运行时工作，以及方法查找、初始化、缓存和消息转发的过程。

摘要由CSDN通过智能技术生成

Objective-C 扩展了 C 语言，并加入了面向对象特性和 Smalltalk 式的消息传递机制。而这个扩展的核心是一个用 C 和编译语言写的 Runtime 库。它是 Objective-C 面向对象和动态机制的基石。

Objective-C 是一个动态语言，这意味着它不仅需要一个编译器，也需要一个运行时系统来动态得创建类和对象、进行消息传递和转发。理解 Objective-C 的 Runtime 机制可以帮我们更好的了解这个语言，适当的时候还能对语言进行扩展，从系统层面解决项目中的一些设计或技术问题。一句话: 学好Runtime , iOS躺着走

# Runtime Versions and Platforms

There are different versions of the Objective-C runtime on different platforms.

## Legacy and Modern Versions

There are two versions of the Objective-C runtime—“modern” and “legacy”. The modern version was introduced with Objective-C 2.0 and includes a number of new features. The programming interface for the legacy version of the runtime is described in *Objective-C 1 Runtime Reference*; the programming interface for the modern version of the runtime is described in *[Objective-C Runtime Reference](https://developer.apple.com/documentation/objectivec/objective_c_runtime)*.

The most notable new feature is that instance variables in the modern runtime are “non-fragile”: 

*   In the legacy runtime, if you change the layout of instance variables in a class, you must recompile classes that inherit from it.

*   In the modern runtime, if you change the layout of instance variables in a class, you do not have to recompile classes that inherit from it.

In addition, the modern runtime supports instance variable synthesis for declared properties (see [Declared Properties](https://developer.apple.com/library/archive/documentation/Cocoa/Conceptual/ObjectiveC/Chapters/ocProperties.html#//apple_ref/doc/uid/TP30001163-CH17) in *[The Objective-C Programming Language](https://developer.apple.com/library/archive/documentation/Cocoa/Conceptual/ObjectiveC/Introduction/introObjectiveC.html#//apple_ref/doc/uid/TP30001163)*).

## Platforms

iPhone applications and 64-bit programs on OS X v10.5 and later use the modern version of the runtime.

Other programs (32-bit programs on OS X desktop) use the legacy version of the runtime.

Runtime其实有两个版本: “modern” 和 “legacy”。我们现在用的 Objective-C 2.0 采用的是现行 (Modern) 版的 <