常用的Linux命令
文章目录
前言
总结一下我们经常用到的命令
1.pwd
pwd获取当前目录的绝对路径
2.帮助命令
man
按‘q’退出
[localhost.com ~]$ man ls
LS(1) User Commands LS(1)
NAME
ls - list directory contents
SYNOPSIS
ls [OPTION]... [FILE]...
DESCRIPTION
List information about the FILEs (the current directory by default). Sort entries alphabetically if none of -cftuvSUX nor --sort is specified.
Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short options too.
-a, --all
do not ignore entries starting with .
-A, --almost-all
do not list implied . and ..
--author
with -l, print the author of each file
-b, --escape
print C-style escapes for nongraphic characters
--block-size=SIZE
scale sizes by SIZE before printing them; e.g., '--block-size=M' prints sizes in units of 1,048,576 bytes; see SIZE format below
-B, --ignore-backups
do not list implied entries ending with ~
-c with -lt: sort by, and show, ctime (time of last modification of file status information); with -l: show ctime and sort by name; otherwise: sort by ctime, newest first
-C list entries by columns
--color[=WHEN]
colorize the output; WHEN can be 'never', 'auto', or 'always' (the default); more info below
-d, --directory
list directories themselves, not their contents
help
[localhost.com ~]$ help
GNU bash, version 4.2.46(1)-release (x86_64-redhat-linux-gnu)
These shell commands are defined internally. Type `help' to see this list.
Type `help name' to find out more about the function `name'.
Use `info bash' to find out more about the shell in general.
Use `man -k' or `info' to find out more about commands not in this list.
A star (*) next to a name means that the command is disabled.
job_spec [&] history [-c] [-d offset] [n] or history -anrw [filename] or history -ps arg [arg...]
(( expression )) if COMMANDS; then COMMANDS; [ elif COMMANDS; then COMMANDS; ]... [ else COMMANDS; ] fi
. filename [arguments] jobs [-lnprs] [jobspec ...] or jobs -x command [args]
: kill [-s sigspec | -n signum | -sigspec] pid | jobspec ... or kill -l [sigspec]
[ arg... ] let arg [arg ...]
[[ expression ]] local [option] name[=value] ...
alias [-p] [name[=value] ... ] logout [n]
bg [job_spec ...] mapfile [-n count] [-O origin] [-s count] [-t] [-u fd] [-C callback] [-c quantum] [array]
bind [-lpvsPVS] [-m keymap] [-f filename] [-q name] [-u name] [-r keyseq] [-x keyseq:shell-command] [> popd [-n] [+N | -N]
break [n] printf [-v var] format [arguments]
builtin [shell-builtin [arg ...]] pushd [-n] [+N | -N | dir]
caller [expr] pwd [-LP]
case WORD in [PATTERN [| PATTERN]...) COMMANDS ;;]... esac read [-ers] [-a array] [-d delim] [-i text] [-n nchars] [-N nchars] [-p prompt] [-t timeout] [-u fd]>
cd [-L|[-P [-e]]] [dir] readarray [-n count] [-O origin] [-s count] [-t] [-u fd] [-C callback] [-c quantum] [array]
command [-pVv] command [arg ...] readonly [-aAf] [name[=value] ...] or readonly -p
compgen [-abcdefgjksuv] [-o option] [-A action] [-G globpat] [-W wordlist] [-F function] [-C comman> return [n]
complete [-abcdefgjksuv] [-pr] [-DE] [-o option] [-A action] [-G globpat] [-W wordlist] [-F function> select NAME [in WORDS ... ;] do COMMANDS; done
compopt [-o|+o option] [-DE] [name ...] set [-abefhkmnptuvxBCHP] [-o option-name] [--] [arg ...]
continue [n] shift [n]
coproc [NAME] command [redirections] shopt [-pqsu] [-o] [optname ...]
declare [-aAfFgilrtux] [-p] [name[=value] ...] source filename [arguments]
dirs [-clpv] [+N] [-N] suspend [-f]
disown [-h] [-ar] [jobspec ...] test [expr]
echo [-neE] [arg ...] time [-p] pipeline
enable [-a] [-dnps] [-f filename] [name ...] times
eval [arg ...] trap [-lp] [[arg] signal_spec ...]
exec [-cl] [-a name] [command [arguments ...]] [redirection ...] true
exit [n] type [-afptP] name [name ...]
export [-fn] [name[=value] ...] or export -p typeset [-aAfFgilrtux] [-p] name[=value] ...
false ulimit [-SHacdefilmnpqrstuvx] [limit]
fc [-e ename] [-lnr] [first] [last] or fc -s [pat=rep] [command] umask [-p] [-S] [mode]
fg [job_spec] unalias [-a] name [name ...]
for NAME [in WORDS ... ] ; do COMMANDS; done unset [-f] [-v] [name ...]
for (( exp1; exp2; exp3 )); do COMMANDS; done until COMMANDS; do COMMANDS; done
function name { COMMANDS ; } or name () { COMMANDS ; } variables - Names and meanings of some shell variables
getopts optstring name [arg] wait [id]
hash [-lr] [-p pathname] [-dt] [name ...] while COMMANDS; do COMMANDS; done
help [-dms] [pattern ...] { COMMANDS ; }
3.查看文件命令 --ls
ls：查看当前目录—ls
查看指定目录 —ls 绝对路径/相对路径
查看所有 — ls -a
[localhost.com ~]$ ls -al
total 232
drwxrwxr-x 2 ck176460 ck176460 4096 Jun 29 2021 -
drwxrwxr-x 3 ck176460 ck176460 4096 Feb 24 2021 ,
drwx------ 9 ck176460 ck176460 4096 Oct 25 21:15 .
drwxrwxr-x. 6790 root root 151552 Apr 12 11:58 ..
-rw-rw-r-- 1 ck176460 ck176460 0 Jul 8 2021 1.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 ck176460 ck176460 12288 Jul 8 2021 .1.txt.swp
drwxrwxr-x 3 ck176460 ck176460 4096 Jun 29 2021 a
lrwxrwxrwx 1 ck176460 ck176460 8 Oct 25 19:54 b -> ./test/b
-rw------- 1 ck176460 ck176460 3636 Oct 27 07:03 .bash_history
-rw-r--r-- 1 ck176460 ck176460 18 Dec 7 2016 .bash_logout
-rw-r--r-- 1 ck176460 ck176460 193 Dec 7 2016 .bash_profile
-rw-r--r-- 1 ck176460 ck176460 231 Dec 7 2016 .bashrc
-rw-rw-r-- 1 ck176460 ck176460 0 Feb 24 2021 hello.txt
drwxrwxr-x 2 ck176460 ck176460 4096 Jun 29 2021 help
-rw------- 1 ck176460 ck176460 35 Feb 24 2021 .lesshst
drwxrwxr-x 2 ck176460 ck176460 4096 Jun 29 2021 pei.text
drwxrwxr-x 2 ck176460 ck176460 4096 Jun 29 2021 pytest
drwxrwxr-x 4 ck176460 ck176460 4096 Oct 25 19:54 test
-rw------- 1 ck176460 ck176460 12288 Feb 24 2021 .test.sh.swp
-rw------- 1 ck176460 ck176460 2994 Oct 25 21:15 .viminfo
[localhost ~]$ ls -a
- , . .. 1.txt .1.txt.swp a b .bash_history .bash_logout .bash_profile .bashrc hello.txt help .lesshst pei.text pytest test .test.sh.swp .viminfo
[localhost.com ~]$ ls -ll
total 28
drwxrwxr-x 2 ck176460 ck176460 4096 Jun 29 2021 -
drwxrwxr-x 3 ck176460 ck176460 4096 Feb 24 2021 ,
-rw-rw-r-- 1 ck176460 ck176460 0 Jul 8 2021 1.txt
drwxrwxr-x 3 ck176460 ck176460 4096 Jun 29 2021 a
lrwxrwxrwx 1 ck176460 ck176460 8 Oct 25 19:54 b -> ./test/b
-rw-rw-r-- 1 ck176460 ck176460 0 Feb 24 2021 hello.txt
drwxrwxr-x 2 ck176460 ck176460 4096 Jun 29 2021 help
drwxrwxr-x 2 ck176460 ck176460 4096 Jun 29 2021 pei.text
drwxrwxr-x 2 ck176460 ck176460 4096 Jun 29 2021 pytest
drwxrwxr-x 4 ck176460 ck176460 4096 Oct 25 19:54 test
4.创建新的目录–mkdir
ls：mkdir a
mkdir b/c/d -p 创建递归目录
[localhost ~]$ mkdir A
[localhost ~]$ ls
A make study
[localhost ~]$ mkdir b/c/d -p
[localhost ~]$ ls
A b make study
[localhost ~]$ cd b/c/d
[localhost ~]$ pwd
/home/ck176460/b/b/c/d
5.创建文件–touch
[localhost ~]$ ls
kill pytest
[localhost ~]$ touch game.txt
[localhost ~]$ ls
game.txt kill pytest
6.删除文件/目录–rm
[localhost ~]$ ls
game.txt kill pytest
[localhost ~]$ rm -ri pytest
rm: remove regular empty file ‘pytest’? y
[localhost ~]$ ls
game.txt kill
7.拷贝–cp
[localhost.com ~]$ ls
game.txt kill
[localhost.com ~]$ ls ..
d
[localhost.com ~]$ cp kill ./..
[localhost.com ~]$ ls ..
d kill
8.移动–mv
ls:
重命名：mv game.txt hello.txt #同一目录
移动文件： mv hello.txt ./…
移动文件并重命名：mv f ./hogwarts/study
[localhost.com ~]$ mv game.txt hello.txt
[localhost.com ~]$ ls
hello.txt kill
[localhost.com ~]$ ls ..
d kill
[localhost.com ~]$ mv hello.txt ./..
[localhost.com ~]$ ls
kill
[localhost.com ~]$ ls ..
d hello.txt kill
[localhost.com ~]$ ls
d hello.txt kill
[localhost.com ~]$ mv hello.txt ./d/name.txt
[localhost.com ~]$ ls ./d/
kill name.txt
9.查找文件–find
全名称查询：find ./d/name.txt
根据后缀名查询：find ./d/*.txt
[localhost.com ~]$ find ./d/*.txt
./d/name.txt
[localhost.com ~]$ ls ./d
kill name.txt
[localhost.com ~]$ find ./d/name.txt
./d/name.txt
10.建立链接文件–ln
在当前目录创建链接
[localhost.com ~]$ ln ./d/name.txt
[localhost.com ~]$ ls
d kill name.txt
11.文本编辑–vi
进入插入模式 I
输入完成后
按键esc
保存退出 :wq
退出不保存 :q!
[localhost.com ~]$ vi name.txt
12.查看–cat
[localhost.com ~]$ cat ./name.txt
hello word
13.打包压缩–tar
打包压缩
[localhost.com ~]$ ls
d kill name.txt
[localhost.com ~]$ tar -zcvf D.tar.gz kill name.txt
kill
name.txt
[localhost.com ~]$ ls
d D.tar.gz kill name.txt
解压:
tar -xf 需要解压的文件
1.后面不加目录，解压再当前目录；
2.tar -xf f.tar.gz -C 接目录后，解压在指定目录中）
[localhost.com ~]$ ls
d D.tar.gz
[localhost.com ~]$ tar -xf D.tar.gz
[localhost.com ~]$ ls
d D.tar.gz kill name.txt
14.权限属性–chmod
chmod 777 文件
r：读权限 read —4
w：写权限write —2
x：执行权限execute —1
-： 无权限—0
[localhost.com ~]$ ll
total 12
drwxrwxr-x 2 ck176460 ck176460 4096 Apr 12 16:30 d
-rw-rw-r-- 1 ck176460 ck176460 157 Apr 12 16:36 D.tar.gz
-rw-rw-r-- 1 ck176460 ck176460 0 Apr 12 14:45 kill
-rw-rw-r-- 1 ck176460 ck176460 11 Apr 12 16:30 name.txt
[localhost.com ~]$ chmod 777 name.txt
[localhost.com ~]$ ll
total 12
drwxrwxr-x 2 ck176460 ck176460 4096 Apr 12 16:30 d
-rw-rw-r-- 1 ck176460 ck176460 157 Apr 12 16:36 D.tar.gz
-rw-rw-r-- 1 ck176460 ck176460 0 Apr 12 14:45 kill
-rwxrwxrwx 1 ck176460 ck176460 11 Apr 12 16:30 name.txt
15.查看网络–ifconfig
[localhost.com ~]$ ifconfig
16.检测网络–ping
ping -c 22 -I 33
-c：ping 的次数
-I：每次ping的时间间隔
[localhost.com ~]$ ping -c 22 -l 3 127.0.0.1
PING 127.0.0.1 (127.0.0.1) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 127.0.0.1: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.032 ms
64 bytes from 127.0.0.1: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.003 ms
64 bytes from 127.0.0.1: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.002 ms
64 bytes from 127.0.0.1: icmp_seq=4 ttl=64 time=0.038 ms
64 bytes from 127.0.0.1: icmp_seq=5 ttl=64 time=0.038 ms
64 bytes from 127.0.0.1: icmp_seq=6 ttl=64 time=0.038 ms
64 bytes from 127.0.0.1: icmp_seq=7 ttl=64 time=0.042 ms
64 bytes from 127.0.0.1: icmp_seq=8 ttl=64 time=0.039 ms
64 bytes from 127.0.0.1: icmp_seq=9 ttl=64 time=0.039 ms
64 bytes from 127.0.0.1: icmp_seq=10 ttl=64 time=0.039 ms
64 bytes from 127.0.0.1: icmp_seq=11 ttl=64 time=0.038 ms
64 bytes from 127.0.0.1: icmp_seq=12 ttl=64 time=0.039 ms
64 bytes from 127.0.0.1: icmp_seq=13 ttl=64 time=0.039 ms
64 bytes from 127.0.0.1: icmp_seq=14 ttl=64 time=0.039 ms
64 bytes from 127.0.0.1: icmp_seq=15 ttl=64 time=0.039 ms
64 bytes from 127.0.0.1: icmp_seq=16 ttl=64 time=0.038 ms
64 bytes from 127.0.0.1: icmp_seq=17 ttl=64 time=0.039 ms
64 bytes from 127.0.0.1: icmp_seq=18 ttl=64 time=0.042 ms
64 bytes from 127.0.0.1: icmp_seq=19 ttl=64 time=0.039 ms
64 bytes from 127.0.0.1: icmp_seq=20 ttl=64 time=0.050 ms
64 bytes from 127.0.0.1: icmp_seq=21 ttl=64 time=0.045 ms
64 bytes from 127.0.0.1: icmp_seq=22 ttl=64 time=0.052 ms
--- 127.0.0.1 ping statistics ---
22 packets transmitted, 22 received, 0% packet loss, time 19000ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.002/0.036/0.052/0.013 ms, pipe 3
17.打印网络信息状态–netstat
-t:列出所有tcp
-n：以数字形式显示地址何端口号
-p：显示进程的pid 和名字
[localhost.com ~]$ netstat -tnp
Active Internet connections (w/o servers)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID/Program name
tcp 0 0 172.19.147.8:22 27.38.83.250:36470 ESTABLISHED 27327/sshd: dx66732
tcp 0 0 172.19.147.8:22 1.83.124.47:51796 ESTABLISHED 23896/sshd: ck21820
tcp 0 0 172.19.147.8:22 110.188.104.179:31036 ESTABLISHED 23293/sshd: jy21990
tcp 0 0 172.19.147.8:22 153.37.196.3:54407 ESTABLISHED 22187/sshd: 6170588
tcp 0 0 172.19.147.8:22 27.38.83.250:36419 ESTABLISHED 27322/sshd: dx66732
tcp 0 0 172.19.147.8:22 1.83.124.47:51795 ESTABLISHED 23893/sshd: ck21820
tcp 0 0 172.19.147.8:22 110.188.104.179:31190 ESTABLISHED 23722/sshd: jy21990
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:25 127.0.0.1:54326 TIME_WAIT -
tcp 0 0 172.19.147.8:37022 100.100.30.26:80 ESTABLISHED 15545/AliYunDun
tcp 0 36 172.19.147.8:22 183.195.98.240:2712 ESTABLISHED 16174/sshd: ck17646
tcp6 0 0 172.19.147.8:9100 123.57.157.48:15460 ESTABLISHED 28845/node_exporter
18.查看cpu信息–cat /proc/cpuinfo
[localhost.com ~]$ cat /proc/cpuinfo
19.负载信息–top
[localhost.com ~]$ top
20.查看内存–free
-m 根据M单位换算
[localhost.com ~]$ free
101
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