nonlocal关键字

nonlocal用来在内部函数中声明外层的局部变量

global在函数内声明全局变量，然后才能使用全局变量

a = 100
def outer():
    b = 10
    def inner():
        nonlocal b
        print("inner b:", b)
        b = 20

        global a
        a = 1000

    inner()
    print("outer b:", b)

outer()
print("a:", a)

"""
运行结果：
inner b:10
outer b:20
a:1000

如果注释掉global a：
inner b:10
outer b:20
a:100

如果注释掉nonlocal b：
报错：UnboundLocalError: local variable 'b' referenced before assignment

"""

LEGB规则

Python在查找名称时，是按照LEGB规则查找的：

Local-->Enclosed-->Global-->Built in

Local指的就是函数或者类的方法内部

Enclosed指的是嵌套函数

Global指的是模块中的全局变量

Built in指的是Python为自己保留的特殊名称

s = "global"
def outer():
    s = "outer"

    def inner():
        s = "inner"
        print(s)
    inner()

outer()

# 输出inner

s = "global"
def outer():
    s = "outer"

    def inner():
        # s = "inner"
        print(s)
    inner()

outer()

# 输出outer

s = "global"
def outer():
    # s = "outer"

    def inner():
        # s = "inner"
        print(s)
    inner()

outer()

# 输出golbal