JDK学习笔记之Collection

Collection是Java集合体系中的根接口，Collection表示一组对象（不能是基本数据类型），有些collection是可以有重复元素的，有些不可以，有些是有序的，有些是无序的。
直接继承Collection的接口有List，Queue，Set。
List是支持随机访问的顺序表。
Queue是先进先出的顺序表。
Set并没有添加一些特殊的方法，可以看成简单的集合。
Collection中定义了一些方法，继承Collection的类都要实现这些方法：
返回元素的数量

    // Query Operations

    /**
     * Returns the number of elements in this collection.  If this collection
     * contains more than <tt>Integer.MAX_VALUE</tt> elements, returns
     * <tt>Integer.MAX_VALUE</tt>.
     *
     * @return the number of elements in this collection
     */
    int size();

判断集合内是否有元素

    /**
     * Returns <tt>true</tt> if this collection contains no elements.
     *
     * @return <tt>true</tt> if this collection contains no elements
     */
    boolean isEmpty();

判断是否含有某个元素

    /**
     * Returns <tt>true</tt> if this collection contains the specified element.
     * More formally, returns <tt>true</tt> if and only if this collection
     * contains at least one element <tt>e</tt> such that
     * <tt>(o==null&nbsp;?&nbsp;e==null&nbsp;:&nbsp;o.equals(e))</tt>.
     *
     * @param o element whose presence in this collection is to be tested
     * @return <tt>true</tt> if this collection contains the specified
     *         element
     * @throws ClassCastException if the type of the specified element
     *         is incompatible with this collection
     *         (<a href="#optional-restrictions">optional</a>)
     * @throws NullPointerException if the specified element is null and this
     *         collection does not permit null elements
     *         (<a href="#optional-restrictions">optional</a>)
     */
    boolean contains(Object o);

返回一个迭代器

    /**
     * Returns an iterator over the elements in this collection.  There are no
     * guarantees concerning the order in which the elements are returned
     * (unless this collection is an instance of some class that provides a
     * guarantee).
     *
     * @return an <tt>Iterator</tt> over the elements in this collection
     */
    Iterator<E> iterator();

返回一个包含所有元素的数组，元素类型是Object

    /**
     * Returns an array containing all of the elements in this collection.
     * If this collection makes any guarantees as to what order its elements
     * are returned by its iterator, this method must return the elements in
     * the same order.
     *
     * <p>The returned array will be "safe" in that no references to it are
     * maintained by this collection.  (In other words, this method must
     * allocate a new array even if this collection is backed by an array).
     * The caller is thus free to modify the returned array.
     *
     * <p>This method acts as bridge between array-based and collection-based
     * APIs.
     *
     * @return an array containing all of the elements in this collection
     */
    Object[] toArray();

类似的有支持泛型的toArray方法，返回值类型是制定数组的数据类型。

   <T> T[] toArray(T[] a);

用法为：

    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        List<Integer> list=new ArrayList<>();
        list.add(1);
        list.add(2);
        list.add(3);
        Integer[] ans=list.toArray(new Integer[list.size()]);
        for(int i=0;i<3;i++){
            System.out.println(ans[i]);
        }



    }

输出

1
2
3

像之前提到的，不能转换成int数组，因为int是基本数据类型。
添加元素

    boolean add(E e);

移除元素

    boolean remove(Object o);