Requests库
requests库的7个主要方法
requests.request()----- 构造一个请求,支撑以下各方法的基础方法
requests.get()----- 获取HTML网页的主要方法,对应于HTTP的GET方法
requests.head()----- 获取HTML网页头信息的方法,对应于HTTP的HEAD方法
requests.post()----- 向HTML页面提交POST请求的方法,对应于HTTP的POST
requests.put()-----向HTML页面提交PUT请求的方法,对应于HTTP的PUT
requests.patch()------向HTML页面提交布局修改请求,对应于HTTP的PATCH
requests.delete()------向HTML页面提交删除请求,对应于HTTP的DELETE
get方法
requests.get(url,params=None,**kwargs)
url:拟获取页面的url链接
params:url中的额外参数,字典或字节流格式,可选
**kwargs:12个控制访问的参数
爬取网页的通用代码框架
import requests
def getHTMLText(url):
try:
r = requests.get(url,timeout=30)
r.raise_for_status() #如果状态码不是200,引发HTTPError异常
r.encoding = r.apparent_enconding
return r.text
except:
return "产生异常"
if __name__ == "__main__":
url = "http://www.baidu.com"
print(getHTMLText(url))
HTTP协议以及Requests库的方法
HTTP协议
URL格式 : http://host[:port][path]
host:合法的Internet主机域名或IP地址
port:端口号,缺省端口为80
path:请求资源的路径
HTTP URL的理解
URL是通过HTTP协议存储资源的Internet路径,一个URL对应一个数据资源
爬虫实例
爬取京东商品页面
# !/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
# author: jeyson
import requests
url = "https://item.jd.com/2967929.html"
try:
r = requests.get(url)
r.raise_for_status()
r.encoding = r.apparent_encoding
print(r.text[:1000])
except:
print("爬取失败")
亚马逊商品页面爬取
import requests
url = "https://www.amazon.cn/gp/product/B01MBL5Z3Y"
try:
kv = {'user-agent':'Mozilla/5.0'}
r = requests.get(url,headers=kv)
r.raise_for_status()
r.encoding = r.apparent_encoding
print(r.text[1000:2000])
except:
print("爬取失败")
百度搜索全代码
import requests
keyword = "python"
try:
kv = {'wd':keyword}
r = requests.get("http://www.baidu.com/s",params=kv)
print(r.request.url)
r.raise_for_status()
print(len(r.text))
except:
print("爬取失败")
网络图片的爬取和存储
import requests
import os
url = "http;//image.nationalgeographic.com.cn/2017/0211/20170211061910157.jpg"
root = "D;//python-learn//"
path = root + url.split('/')[-1]
try:
if not os.path.exists(root):
os.mkdir(root)
if not os.path.exists(path):
r = requests.get(url)
with open(path,'wb') as f:
f.write(r.content)
f.close()
print("文件已保存")
else:
print("文件已保存")
except:
print("爬取失败")
ip地址归属地的自动查询
import requests
url = "http://m.ip138.com/ip.asp?ip="
try:
r = requests.get(url+'202.204.80.112')
r.raise_for_status()
r.encoding = r.apparent_encoding
print(r.text[-500:])
except:
print("爬取失败")
get方法使用header
import requests
url = " "
header = {
'user-agent':' '
}
r = requests.get(url, headers=header)
print(r.text)
#淘宝首页爬取
# 爬虫小模版
# !/usr/bin/env python
#-*- coding:utf-8 -*-
#author: jeyson
import requests
r = requests.get("http://www.taobao.com")
demo = r.text
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
soup = BeautifulSoup(demo,"html.parser")
print(soup.prettify())