Android 显示历史搜索记录

网上有许多这方面的教程，思来想去还是决定写下我自己的代码，为了方便以后复习查看。
先看效果图：

实现如下功能
1、数据库的增删改查操作
2、已搜索的关键字再次搜索不会重复添加到数据库
3、点击的记录可添加到搜索框里

XML布局文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:padding="10dp"
    android:orientation="vertical"
    tools:context=".SearchActivity">

    <LinearLayout
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:orientation="horizontal">
        <EditText
            android:id="@+id/search_et_search"
            android:layout_width="match_parent"
            android:layout_height="35dp"
            android:layout_marginRight="2dp"
            android:background="@drawable/et_style_search"
            android:hint="    搜索 "
            android:drawableLeft="@drawable/search"
            android:paddingLeft="5dp"
            android:singleLine="true"
            android:layout_weight="1"
            />
        <ImageView
            android:id="@+id/voice_iv"
            android:layout_width="25dp"
            android:layout_height="30dp"
            android:src="@drawable/voice"
            android:layout_gravity="center"
            android:layout_marginRight="5dp"
            />
        <TextView
            android:id="@+id/cancel_tv_search"
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:layout_alignParentRight="true"
            android:text="取消"
            android:textSize="20sp"
            android:textColor="#257bf4"
            />
    </LinearLayout>

    <ListView
        android:id="@+id/search_record_iv"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content">
    </ListView>
    <View
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="0.05dp"
        android:background="#4a949393"/>

    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/clearReocrds_tv"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_marginTop="10dp"
        android:textAlignment="center"
        android:visibility="gone"
        android:text="清除历史记录"
        android:textSize="12sp" />

</LinearLayout>

创建listview_item.xml文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" 
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent">
    
   <LinearLayout
       android:layout_width="match_parent"
       android:layout_height="40dp">
       <ImageView
           android:id="@+id/search_record_image_iv"
           android:layout_width="20dp"
           android:layout_height="20dp"
           android:src="@drawable/record"
           android:layout_gravity="center_vertical"
           android:layout_marginLeft="15dp"
           />
       <TextView
           android:id="@+id/search_content_tv"
           android:layout_width="match_parent"
           android:layout_height="20dp"
           android:layout_margin="10dp"
           android:layout_gravity="center_vertical"/>
   </LinearLayout>

</LinearLayout>

Java代码

1、

public class RecordsSQLiteOpenHelper extends SQLiteOpenHelper {
    //声明一个代表数据库名称的字符串
    private final static  String DB_NAME = "MyRecords.db";
    //声明一个代表数据库版本的整形变量
    private static int DB_VERSION = 1;

    public RecordsSQLiteOpenHelper(Context context) {
        super(context, DB_NAME, null, DB_VERSION);
    }

    @Override
    public void onCreate(SQLiteDatabase db) {
        //建立records表格
        String sql = "CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS records (_id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT, name TEXT)";
        db.execSQL(sql);
    }
    @Override
    public void onUpgrade(SQLiteDatabase db, int oldVersion, int newVersion) { }
}

2、继承ArrayAdapter类，编写RecordsAdapter适配器类

public class RecordsAdapter extends ArrayAdapter {
    //定义一个整型，记录‘显示记录的文本’的id
    private int resourceId;

    public RecordsAdapter(@NonNull Context context, int resource, @NonNull List<String> objects) {
        super(context, resource, objects);
        resourceId = resource;
    }

    @NonNull
    @Override
    public View getView(int position, @Nullable View convertView, @NonNull ViewGroup parent) {
        View view = LayoutInflater.from(getContext()).inflate(resourceId,null);   //实例化一个对象
        TextView showRecord = (TextView)view.findViewById(R.id.search_content_tv);
        String record = (String)getItem(position);     //获取当前的记录字符串
        showRecord.setText(record);
        return view;
    }
}

3、编写搜索记录操作类

/**
 * 搜索记录操作类
 * 用于封装度对搜索记录的各种操作
 */
public class RecordsDao {
    RecordsSQLiteOpenHelper recordHelper;  //定义一个数据库的操作帮助对象
    SQLiteDatabase recordDb;               //定义一个记录的数据库对象

    public RecordsDao(Context context){
        recordHelper = new RecordsSQLiteOpenHelper(context);
    }

    /**
     * 该函数用于添加搜索记录
     */
    public void addRecords(String record){
        if (!isHasRecord(record)){     //判断源数据中是否已有该记录
            recordDb = recordHelper.getWritableDatabase();   //获取搜索记录数据库
            ContentValues value = new ContentValues();
            value.put("name",record);
            recordDb.insert("records",null,value);    //插入记录
            recordDb.close();
        }
    }

    /**
     * 该函数用于获取全部搜索记录
     * @return List<String>
     */
    public List<String> getRecordsList(){
        List<String> recordsList = new ArrayList<String>();
        recordDb = recordHelper.getReadableDatabase();
        Cursor cursor = recordDb.query("records",null,null,null,null,null,null);
        while (cursor.moveToNext()){
            String record = cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndexOrThrow("name"));
            recordsList.add(record);
        }
        recordDb.close();
        cursor.close();
        return recordsList;
    }

    /**
     * 该函数用于清空搜索记录
     */
    public void clearRecords(){
        String sql = "delete from records";
        recordDb = recordHelper.getWritableDatabase();
        recordDb.execSQL(sql);
        recordDb.close();
    }

    /**
     * 该函数用于模糊查询
     */
    public List<String> querySimilarRecords(String record){
        String sql = "select * from records where name like'%" + record + "%' order by name";
       // String queryStr = "select * from records where name like '%" + record + "%' order by name ";
        List<String> similarRecordsList = new ArrayList<String>();
        recordDb = recordHelper.getReadableDatabase();
        Cursor cursor = recordDb.rawQuery(sql,null);
        while (cursor.moveToNext()){
            String myRecord = cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndexOrThrow("name"));
            similarRecordsList.add(myRecord);
        }
        recordDb.close();
        cursor.close();
        return similarRecordsList;
    }


    /**
     * 该函数用于判断原数据库中是否已有该记录
     * @return 有记录返回true
     */
    private boolean isHasRecord(String record){
        boolean isHasRecord = false;
        recordDb = recordHelper.getReadableDatabase();
        Cursor cursor = recordDb.query("records",null,null,null,null,null,null);
        while (cursor.moveToNext()){
            if (record.equals(cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndexOrThrow("name")))){
                isHasRecord = true;
                break;
            }
        }
        recordDb.close();
        cursor.close();
        return isHasRecord;
    }
}

4、接下来是在MainActivity里的代码了，我是在我练习的一个项目里实现了这部分功能，代码多而杂。下面是关键性代码

 recordsDao = new RecordsDao(SearchActivity.this);

/**
     * 绑定适配器
     */
    void bindAdapter(){
        recordsList = recordsDao.getRecordsList();    //获取搜索记录的数组
        reversedRecords();
        ckeckRecords();                                //检查是否有记录
        recordsAdapter = new RecordsAdapter(SearchActivity.this,R.layout.listview_item,recordsList);
        records_lv.setAdapter(recordsAdapter);

    }

 /**
     * 该函数用于反转搜索记录
     */
    private void reversedRecords(){
        String temp = "";
        int size = (recordsList.size())/2;
        int foot = recordsList.size()-1;
        //下面的循环实现数组首尾置换
        for (int i=0;i<size;i++){
            foot = foot - i;
            temp = recordsList.get(i);
            recordsList.set(i,recordsList.get(foot));
            recordsList.set(foot,temp);
        }
    }

 /**
     * 创建一个“历史记录”列表的监听器对象
     * 点击记录，可把该记录添加到搜索框里
     */
    AdapterView.OnItemClickListener lvListener = new AdapterView.OnItemClickListener() {
        @Override
        public void onItemClick(AdapterView<?> parent, View view, int position, long id) {
            String myClicked = recordsList.get(position);
            search_et.setText(myClicked);
        }
    };

 /**
     * 创建一个“清除历史记录”的监听器对象
     */
    View.OnClickListener clearListener = new View.OnClickListener() {
        @Override
        public void onClick(View v) {
            recordsList.clear();
            recordsDao.clearRecords();
            recordsAdapter.notifyDataSetChanged();
            ckeckRecords();
        }
    };

上面的代码有许多细节没有放出来。还有一些功能没有实现，比如：监听软键盘回车按钮设置为搜索按钮、 使用TextWatcher( )进行实时筛选 等

更详细的代码参考这两位大神的文章
Android—— ListView 的简单用法及定制ListView界面
简单实现Android搜索功能 显示清除历史搜索记录