Mysql5.7 手动安装

仅在此记录MySQL学习中的安装过程，方便日后使用。本文采用的是手动安装方式，需要自己配置一些文件目录。

1. 创建相关资源

1）创建mysql用户

groupadd mysql
useradd -g mysql mysql -s /sbin/nologin

2）软件包的家目录（basedir）

cd /usr/local

3）解压软件包

tar -zxvf mysql-5.7.28-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz

4）创建软链接，方便管理

ln -s mysql-5.7.28-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 mysql

5）给mysql目录授权

chown mysql:mysql -R mysql

mysql:mysql 用户:用户组

mysql 上面创软链接的目录

2. 创建MySQL数据库的数据目录（datadir），可以选择其他目录

1）创建目录

mkdir -p /data/mysql

2）给用户授权

chown mysql:mysql -R /data/mysql

3. 配置文件

这里提供一个模板my.cnf，本文中放在了etc/my.cnf文件中

[client]
port	= 3306
socket	= /tmp/mysql.sock

[mysql]
prompt="\u@db \R:\m:\s [\d]> "
no-auto-rehash

[mysqld]
user	= mysql
port	= 3306
basedir	= /usr/local/mysql
datadir	= /data/mysql/
socket	= /tmp/mysql.sock
pid-file = db.pid
character-set-server = utf8mb4
skip_name_resolve = 1
open_files_limit    = 65535
back_log = 1024
max_connections = 512
max_connect_errors = 1000000
table_open_cache = 1024
table_definition_cache = 1024
table_open_cache_instances = 64
thread_stack = 512K
external-locking = FALSE
max_allowed_packet = 32M
sort_buffer_size = 4M
join_buffer_size = 4M
thread_cache_size = 768
query_cache_size = 0
query_cache_type = 0
interactive_timeout = 100
wait_timeout = 100
tmp_table_size = 32M
max_heap_table_size = 32M
slow_query_log = 1
slow_query_log_file = /data/mysql/slow.log
log-error = /data/mysql/error.log
long_query_time = 0.1
server-id = 3306100
skip-log-bin
#log-bin = /data/mysql/mybinlog
sync_binlog = 1
binlog_cache_size = 4M
max_binlog_cache_size = 1G
max_binlog_size = 1G
expire_logs_days = 7
master_info_repository = TABLE
relay_log_info_repository = TABLE
gtid_mode = on
enforce_gtid_consistency = 1
#log_slave_updates
binlog_format = row
relay_log_recovery = 1
relay-log-purge = 1
key_buffer_size = 32M
read_buffer_size = 8M
read_rnd_buffer_size = 4M
bulk_insert_buffer_size = 64M
#myisam_sort_buffer_size = 128M
#myisam_max_sort_file_size = 10G
#myisam_repair_threads = 1
lock_wait_timeout = 3600
explicit_defaults_for_timestamp = 1
innodb_thread_concurrency = 0
innodb_sync_spin_loops = 100
innodb_spin_wait_delay = 30

transaction_isolation = REPEATABLE-READ
#innodb_additional_mem_pool_size = 16M
innodb_buffer_pool_size = 500M
innodb_buffer_pool_instances = 8
innodb_buffer_pool_load_at_startup = 1
innodb_buffer_pool_dump_at_shutdown = 1
innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:100M:autoextend
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 1
innodb_log_buffer_size = 32M
innodb_log_file_size = 2G
innodb_log_files_in_group = 2
innodb_max_undo_log_size = 4G

lower_case_table_names=1


innodb_io_capacity = 4000
innodb_io_capacity_max = 8000
innodb_flush_neighbors = 0
innodb_write_io_threads = 8
innodb_read_io_threads = 8
innodb_purge_threads = 4
innodb_page_cleaners = 4
innodb_open_files = 65535
innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct = 50
innodb_flush_method = O_DIRECT
innodb_lru_scan_depth = 4000
innodb_checksum_algorithm = crc32
#innodb_file_format = Barracuda
#innodb_file_format_max = Barracuda
innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 10
innodb_rollback_on_timeout = 1
innodb_print_all_deadlocks = 1
innodb_file_per_table = 1
innodb_online_alter_log_max_size = 4G
internal_tmp_disk_storage_engine = InnoDB
innodb_stats_on_metadata = 0

secure-file-priv=/tmp

innodb_status_file = 1
# 注意: 开启 innodb_status_output & innodb_status_output_locks 后, 可能会导致log-error文件增长较快
innodb_status_output = 0
innodb_status_output_locks = 0

#performance_schema
performance_schema = 1
performance_schema_instrument = '%=on'

#innodb monitor
innodb_monitor_enable="module_innodb"
innodb_monitor_enable="module_server"
innodb_monitor_enable="module_dml"
innodb_monitor_enable="module_ddl"
innodb_monitor_enable="module_trx"
innodb_monitor_enable="module_os"
innodb_monitor_enable="module_purge"
innodb_monitor_enable="module_log"
innodb_monitor_enable="module_lock"
innodb_monitor_enable="module_buffer"
innodb_monitor_enable="module_index"
innodb_monitor_enable="module_ibuf_system"
innodb_monitor_enable="module_buffer_page"
innodb_monitor_enable="module_adaptive_hash"

[mysqldump]
quick
max_allowed_packet = 32M

4. 启动过程

1）初始化数据库

cd /user/local/mysql/bin/
./mysqld --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/data/mysql/ --user=mysql --initialize

注意这里的defaults后面有s，否则后面的步骤会有问题；
初始化的各个目录根据自己的需要手动修改；
如果在初始化过程中加上--initialize参数，表示会生成一个临时的数据库初始化密码，记录在log-error（错误日志，上面创建的/data/mysql目录中），如果加上--initialize-insecure参数，代表无密码进入，建议使用生成初始化密码的方式。

可能出现的问题：

error while loading shared libraries: libaio.so.1: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory

安装：yum install -y libaio 即可解决

2）启动数据库的过程：

cd /usr/local/mysql/bin/
./mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf &

如果下面获取不到初始密码，可能是上面初始化数据库过程出错，建议比对一下参数，再初始化一次，然后在启动数据库过程前删除/data/mysql目录下的所有文件，否则再次启动会有问题

3）数据库启动成功后，进入数据库的初始密码会在/data/mysql/error.log下面

cat /data/mysql/error.log | grep password

例子：

2022-01-04T01:58:12.342192Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: b>hI4Jdc7pce

4）使用初始化密码进入数据库后，需要修改root密码，设置永不过期

./mysql -uroot -p(你的随机密码)

下面是进入数据库后的命令

SET PASSWORD = '123456';
ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' PASSWORD EXPIRE NEVER;
flush privileges;

然后可以退出用新密码登录了。

为了能随时用MySQL的命令，需要将其加入环境变量中

vim /etc/profile

#在最后面加上
export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin/

保存退出后执行source /etc/profile 或./etc/profile