mysql常用sql语句

SQL

#天
DATE(cdate) =DATE(CURDATE()-1)
#周
DATE_SUB(CURDATE(),INTERVAL 7 DAY) <=DATE(cdate)
#月
DATE_SUB(CURDATE(),INTERVAL 1 MONTH) <= DATE(cdate)
#查询过去n天内所有数据
DATEDIFF(cdate,NOW())<=0 AND DATEDIFF(cdate,NOW())>-n

//查询时间段销售额数据，按天分组
select DATE_FORMAT(cdate,’%Y-%m-%d’) cdate,IFNULL(sum(trade_amount), 0) tradeAmount
from gs_trade
where flag = 0
and DATE_SUB(CURDATE(),INTERVAL 1 MONTH) <= DATE(cdate)
GROUP BY DATE_FORMAT(cdate,’%Y-%m-%d’)
ORDER BY DATE_FORMAT(cdate,’%Y-%m-%d’) DESC limit 0,10

去重 distinct
select distinct * from table(表名) where 条件
存在部分字段相同(有key, id 即唯一键)
select * from table where id in (
select max(id) from table group by [去重复字段表1，…] having COUNT(*)>1)

查询，去重，保留最小id信息
select * from 表名 where id in (
select MIN(id) from 表名 group by name,sex)

查询全部的重复信息
select * from people where id not in (
select min(id) from people group by name,sex HAVING COUNT(*) < 2)

查询多余的重复信息
select * from people where id not in (
select MIN(id) from people group by name,sex)

删除多余重复的信息，只保留最小ID
delete from people where id not in(
select MIN(id) from people group by name,sex)

查询所有字段
select * from 表名;

查询指定字段
select 列1,列2,… from 表名;

可以通过 as 给表起别名
select 别名.字段 … from 表名 as 别名;

消除重复行
distinct 字段
select distinct gender from students;

条件查询
select … from 表名 where …

比较运算符>

查询大于18岁的信息
select * from students where age>18;

逻辑运算符 and
18到28岁之间所有学生的信息
select * from students where age>18 and age<28;

不在 18岁以上的女性 这个范围内的信息
select * from students where not (age>18 and gender=2);

年龄不是小于或者等于18 并且是女性
select * from students where (not age<=18) and gender=2;

模糊查询
like
% 替换1个或者多个
_ 替换1个

查询姓名中 以 “小” 开始的名字
select name from students where name=“小”;
select name from students where name like “小%”;

查询姓名中 有"小" 所有的名字
select name from students where name like “%小%”;

查询有2个字的名字
select name from students where name like “__”;

查询至少有2个字的名字
select name from students where name like “__%”;

rlike 正则
查询以 周开始的姓名
select name from students where name rlike “^周.*”;

查询已 周开始、伦结尾的姓名
select name from students where name rlike “^周.*伦$”;

范围查询 in（1, 3，8 ）表示在一个非连续的范围内
查询 年龄为18、34的名字
select name,age from students where age=18 or age=34;
select name,age from students where age=18 or age=34 or age=12;
select name,age from students where age in (12, 18, 34);

not in 不非连续的范围之内
年龄不是 18、34岁之间的信息
select name,age from students where age not in (12, 18, 34);

between … and …表示在一个连续的范围内
查询 年龄在18到34之间的信息
select name,age from students where age between 18 and 34;
not between … and …表示不在一个连续的范围内
查询 年龄不在在18到34之间的的信息
select * from students where age not between 18 and 34;
select * from students where not age between 18 and 34;
失败的select * from students where age not (between 18 and 34);

空判断
查询身高为空的信息
select * from students where height is NULL;
select * from students where height is not null;

排序
order by 字段
asc 从小到大排列，升序
desc 从大到小排序，降序

查询年龄在18到34岁之间的男性，按照年龄从小到到排序
select * from students where (age between 18 and 34) and gender=1;
select * from students where (age between 18 and 34) and gender=1 order by age;

查询年龄在18到34岁之间的女性，身高从高到矮排序
select * from students where (age between 18 and 34) and gender=2 order by height desc;

order by 多个字段
查询年龄在18到34岁之间的女性，身高从高到矮排序, 如果身高相同的情况下按照年龄从小到大排序
select * from students where (age between 18 and 34) and gender=2 order by height desc, age asc;

查询年龄在18到34岁之间的女性，身高从高到矮排序, 如果身高相同的情况下按照年龄从小到大排序,如果年龄也相同那么按照id动大到小排序
select * from students where (age between 18 and 34) and gender=2 order by height desc, age asc, id desc;

按照年龄从小到大、身高从高到矮的排序
select * from students order by age asc, height desc;

聚合函数
总数 count
查询男性有多少人，女性有多少人
select * from students where gender=1;
select count() from students where gender=1;
select count() as 男性人数 from students where gender=1;
select count(*) as 女性人数 from students where gender=2;

最大值max
最小值min
select max(age) from students;
select min(age) from students;

查询女性的最高身高
select max(height) from students where gender=2;

求和sum
计算所有人的年龄总和
select sum(age) from students;

平均值avg
select avg(age) from students;

计算平均年龄 sum(age)/count(* )
select sum(age)/count(*) from students;

四舍五入 round(123.23 , 1) 保留1位小数
计算所有人的平均年龄，保留2位小数
select round(sum(age)/count(*), 2) from students;

计算男性的平均身高 保留2位小数
select round(avg(height), 2) from students where gender=1;

分组 group by

对原始数据筛选 分组 在聚合函数的基础上分组，否则没有意义

按照性别分组, 查询所有的性别
select gender from students group by gender;

计算每种性别中的人数
select gender,count(*) from students group by gender;

计算男性的人数
select gender,count(*) from students where gender=1 group by gender;

group_concat(…)
分组后显示group_concat()内的内容 ()内写什么，就连接显示什么

select gender, group_concat(name) from students where gender=1 group by gender;
select gender, group_concat(name, age, id) from students where gender=1 group by gender;
select gender, group_concat(name, “_”, age, " ", id) from students where gender=1 group by gender;
having

对结果进行筛选 对分组进行条件判断

注：where对原始表进行条件判断，having 对分组进行条件判断；where在分组前，having在分组后

查询平均年龄超过30岁的性别，以及姓名 having avg(age) > 30
select gender, group_concat(name), avg(age) from students group by gender having avg(age)>30;

查询每种性别中的人数多于2个的信息
select gender, group_concat(name) from students group by gender having count(*)>2;

分页
limit start,count
限制查询出来的数据格式
select * from students where gender=1 limit 2;

查询前5个数据
select * from students limit 0,5;

查询id6-10（包含）的书序
select * from students limit 5,5;

每页显示2个，第1个页面
select * from students limit 0,2;

每页显示2个，第2个页面
select * from students limit 2,2;

每页显示2个，第3个页面
select * from students limit 4,2;

每页显示2个，第4个页面
select * from students limit 6,2; – -----> limit (第N页-1)*每页的个数, 每页的个数;

每页显示2个，显示第6页的信息, 按照年龄从小到大排序
select * from students order by age asc limit 10,2;
select * from students where gender=2 order by age desc limit 0,2;
失败select * from students limit 2*(6-1),2;
失败select * from students limit 10,2 order by age asc;
注：limit 需放在最后

链接查询(多表查询）
inner join … on
select * from 表A inner join 表B on 条件;
注： inner join 两个表同时存在才显示；inner join on 条件 显示相同条件的信息

查询 有能够对应班级的学生以及班级信息
select * from students inner join classes on students.cls_id=classes.id;

按照要求显示姓名、班级
select students.* classes.name from students inner join classes on students.cls_id=classes.id;
select students.name, classes.name from students inner join classes on students.cls_id=classes.id;

给数据表起名字
select s.name, c.name from students as s inner join classes as c on s.cls_id=c.id;

查询 能够对应班级的学生以及班级信息-显示学生的所有信息, 只显示班级名称
select s.*,c.name from students as s inner join classes as c on s.cls_id=c.id;

在以上的查询中，将班级姓名显示在第1列
select c.name,s.* from students as s inner join classes as c on s.cls_id=c.id;

查询 有能够对应班级的学生以及班级信息, 按照班级进行排序
select c.xxx s.xxx from student as s inner join clssses as c on … order by …;
select c.name, s.* from students as s inner join classes as c on s.cls_id=c.id order by c.name;

当时同一个班级的时候, 按照学生的id进行从小到大排序
select c.name, s.* from students as s inner join classes as c on s.cls_id=c.id order by c.name,s.id;

left join

左表中特有的数据，右表中没有与之对应的数据，则结果中用null填充

查询每位学生对应的班级信息
select * from students as s left join classes as c on s.cls_id=c.id;

查询没有对应班级信息的学生
select … from xxx as s left join xxx as c on… where …
select … from xxx as s left join xxx as c on… having …

select s.*, c.name from students as s left join classes as c on s.cls_id=c.id where c.name is null;

select s.*, c.name from students as s left join classes as c on s.cls_id=c.id having c.name is null;

right join

将数据表名字互换位置，用left join完成

自关联

注：chcp 65008 Windows改变为utf8编码

省级联动 url:http://demo.lanrenzhijia.com/2014/city0605/

查询所有省份
select * from areas where pid is null;

查询aid
select aid from areas where “山东省”;

查询出山东省有哪些市
select * from areas as province inner join areas as city on city.pid=province.aid having province.atitle=“山东省”;
select province.atitle, city.atitle from areas as province inner join areas as city on city.pid=province.aid having province.atitle=“山东省”;

查询出青岛市有哪些县城
select * from areas as city inner join areas as province on city.pid=province.aid where province.atitle=“青岛市”;

子查询
标量子查询
查询出高于平均身高的信息
select * from students where height > (select avg(height) from students);

查询最高的男生信息
select * from students where height = 188;

select * from students where height = (select max(height) from students);

列级子查询
查询学生的班级号能够对应的学生信息
select * from students where cls_id in (1, 2);
select * from students where cls_id in (select id from classes);

– 1.列出至少有2个员工的所有部门
select count(deptno),deptno from emp group by deptno having count(deptno)>=2;
– 2.列出薪金比“SMITH”多的所有员工。
select * from emp where sal>(select sal from emp where ename = ‘SMITH’);
– 3.列出所有员工的姓名及其直接上级的姓名。
select e1.* ,e2.ename as ‘领导的名字’ from emp e1,emp e2 where e1.mgr = e2.empno;
– 4.列出受雇日期早于其直接上级的所有员工
select e1.hiredate as ‘员工入职日期’,e2.hiredate as ‘领导入职日期’ from emp e1,emp e2 where e1.mgr = e2.empno;

select datediff(e1.hiredate,e2.hiredate),e1.ename from emp e1,emp e2 where e1.mgr = e2.empno and datediff(e1.hiredate,e2.hiredate)>0;
– 5.列出部门名称和这些部门的员工信息，同时列出那些没有员工的部门。
select dept.dname,emp.* from dept left join emp on dept.deptno = emp.deptno;
– 6.列出所有“CLERK”（办事员）的姓名及其部门名称
select emp.ename ,dept.dname from emp,dept where job = ‘CLERK’ and dept.deptno = emp.deptno;
– 7.列出最低薪金大于1500的各种工作
select min(sal),job from emp group by job having min(sal)>1500;
– 8.列出在部门“SALES”（销售部）工作的员工的姓名，假定不知道销售部的部门编号。
select deptno from dept where dname = ‘SALES’;
select ename from emp where deptno = (select deptno from dept where dname = ‘SALES’);
9．列出薪金高于公司平均薪金的所有员工。
select * from emp where sal>(select avg(sal) from emp);
10．列出与“SCOTT”从事相同工作的所有员工。
select * from emp where job = (select job from emp where ename = ‘SCOTT’);
11．列出薪金等于部门30中员工的薪金的所有员工的姓名和薪金。
select sal from emp where deptno=30;
select * from emp where sal in(select sal from emp where deptno=30);
12．列出薪金高于在部门30工作的所有员工的薪金的员工姓名和薪金。
select * from emp where sal >(select max(sal) from emp where deptno =30);

13．列出在每个部门工作的员工数量、平均工资和平均服务期限。
select count(*),avg(sal),avg(datediff(now(),hiredate)) from emp group by deptno;
14．列出所有员工的姓名、部门名称和工资。
select emp.ename,dept.dname,emp.sal from emp,dept where emp.deptno = dept.deptno ;
15．列出从事同一种工作但属于不同部门的员工的一种组合。
select distinct e1.job,e1.deptno from emp e1, emp e2 where e1.job = e2.job and e1.deptno != e2.deptno;

16．列出所有部门的详细信息和部门人数。
select * from (select COUNT(deptno),deptno from emp GROUP BY deptno) s right join dept on dept.deptno=s.deptno;

17．列出各种工作的最低工资。
select min(sal) ,job from emp group by job;
18．列出各个部门的MANAGER（经理）的最低薪金。
select min(sal)from emp where job = ‘MANAGER’ group by deptno;
19．列出所有员工的年工资,按年薪从低到高排序。
select (sal12+comm) from emp order by (sal12+comm) ;
19. 列出所有部门的经理的详细信息
select * from emp,dept where emp .job = ‘MANAGER’ and emp.deptno = dept.deptno;
21. 列出薪金高于佣金的员工信息
select * from emp where sal>comm;
22. 列出没有薪金或者薪金为0的员工信息
select * from emp where sal = 0 or sal is null;