Python数据结构之字典

一.创建

1.直接创建

 person  = {"name":"张三","age":18,"pay":40000,"job":"Python工程师"}

2.赋值创建

a = {}
a['a']=1
a['b']=2
>>a={'a':1,'b':2}

3.内置函数dict创建

person = dict(name="张三",age=18,pay=40000,job="Python工程师")
a = dict(zip(['a','b'],[1,2]))

二.索引

1.通过键访问值

 person  = {"name":"张三","age":18,"pay":40000,"job":"Python工程师"}
print(person['name'])
>>张三

2.字典属性get

 person  = {"name":"张三","age":18,"pay":40000,"job":"Python工程师"}
print(person.get('name'))
>>张三

三.更新

1.如果新的键没在字典中，就直接添加一个新的键

person  = {"name":"张三","age":18,"pay":40000,"job":"Python工程师"}
person['sex']='男'

2.如果键已经在字典中存在了，就更新了该键值

person  = {"name":"张三","age":18,"pay":40000,"job":"Python工程师"}
person['pay']='3000'

四.删除

内置函数del

person  = {"name":"张三","age":18,"pay":40000,"job":"Python工程师"}
del person['name']

五.属性

1.clear()用来清空整个字典

person  = {"name":"张三","age":18,"pay":40000,"job":"Python工程师"}
person.clear()

2.keys()返回所有键

person  = {"name":"张三","age":18,"pay":40000,"job":"Python工程师"}
list(person.keys())  
#转化为列表类型可以

3.values() 返回所有值

person  = {"name":"张三","age":18,"pay":40000,"job":"Python工程师"}
list(person.values())  
#转化为列表类型可以