使用springmvc完成Hello World

step1.创建maven web项目
step2.导入spring-mvc包

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
    <version>4.3.9.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>

step3.web.xml配置前端控制器

<servlet>           
        <servlet-name>DispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
        <init-param>
            <description></description>
            <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
            <param-value>classpath:spring-mvc.xml</param-value>
        </init-param>
        <!-- 设置load-on-startup, 使前端控制器在Web容器启动时候实例化. -->
        <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
    </servlet>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>DispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>*.do</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>
    <filter>
        <filter-name>CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
        <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
        <init-param>
            <description></description>
            <param-name>encoding</param-name>
            <param-value>UTF-8</param-value>
        </init-param>
    </filter>
    <filter-mapping>
        <filter-name>CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
        <url-pattern>*.do</url-pattern>
    </filter-mapping>

step4.添加spring-mvc.xml(在src/main/resources里面)

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" 
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" 
    xmlns:jdbc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc"  
    xmlns:jee="http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee" 
    xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
    xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" 
    xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
    xmlns:util="http://www.springframework.org/schema/util"
    xmlns:jpa="http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa"
    xsi:schemaLocation="
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.2.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.2.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc/spring-jdbc-3.2.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee/spring-jee-3.2.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-3.2.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa/spring-jpa-1.3.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-3.2.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-3.2.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/util http://www.springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util-3.2.xsd">

    <!-- annotation:注解, driven: 驱动的 -->
    <!-- annotation-driven  标签配置了 HandlerMapping 对象-->
    <mvc:annotation-driven/>
    <!-- 视图解析器 -->
    <!-- bean id="jspViewResolver" 配置了视图处理器 -->
    <bean id="jspViewResolver" 
        class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
        <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/"/>
        <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
    </bean>

    <context:component-scan base-package="spring"/> （spring是我的包名）

</beans>

step5.编写控制器(spring里面)

@Controller
public class DemoController {
    /*
     * 控制器方法, 在请求 "/demo.do" 时候
     * 执行 hello() 方法, 执行成功后返回
     * 视图 "hello" 作为显示界面
     * "hello" 经过视图处理器添加前后缀以后映射到 
     * /WEB-INF/jsp/hello.jsp 文件
     */
    @RequestMapping("/demo.do")
    public ModelAndView hello(){
        System.out.println("hello()");
        //返回视图 "hello" 给用户
        return new ModelAndView("hello");
    }
}

step6.编写视图（在webapp/WEB-INF/jsp/hello.jsp；jsp我new出来的）

<%@ page contentType="text/html; charset=utf-8"
    pageEncoding="utf-8"%>
<html>
<head>
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body style="font-size:30px;">
    <h1>Hello World!</h1>
</body>
</html>

step7.浏览器输入
http://localhost:8080/spring-mvc/demo.do

Spring MVC 5大组件
1.单一前端控制器 DispatcherServlet
2.请求处理映射器 HandlerMapping
3.控制器组件 Controller, 需要用户编写
4.ModelAndView(视图和模型对象),是控制器方法返回值, 用于封装视图和在视图上显示的数据
5.ViewResolver 视图处理器, 用于处理视图和视图上的数据.