Bool Query
布尔查询支持4种组合类型:
类型 | 说明 |
---|---|
must | 可包含多个查询条件,每个条件均满足的文档才能被搜索到 ,每次查询需要计算相关度得分 |
should | 可包含多个查询条件,不存在must和fiter条件时,至少要满足多个查询条件中的一个 ,文档才能被搜索到,否则需满足的条件数量不受限制,匹配到的查询越多相关度越高 |
filter | 可包含多个过滤条件,每个条件均满足的文档才能被搜索到 ,每个过滤条件不计算相关度得分,结果在一定条件下会被缓存 |
must_not | 可包含多个过滤条件,每个条件均不满足的文档才能被搜索到 ,每个过滤条件不计算相关度得分,结果在一定条件下会被缓存 |
数据准备
索引mapping信息如下:
PUT bool_index
{
"settings": {
"number_of_replicas": 1,
"number_of_shards": 1
},
"mappings": {
"properties": {
"name": {
"type": "text"
},
"age": {
"type": "long"
},
"description" : {
"type" : "text",
"analyzer": "ik_max_word",
"fields" : {
"keyword" : {
"type" : "keyword",
"ignore_above" : 256
}
}
}
}
}
}
索引文档信息如下:
POST /bool_index/_bulk
{"index":{"_id":1}}
{"name":"张三","age":11,"description":"北京故宫圆明园"}
{"index":{"_id":2}}
{"name":"王五","age":15,"description":"南京总统府"}
{"index":{"_id":3}}
{"name":"张三","age":18,"description":"北京市天安门广场"}
{"index":{"_id":4}}
{"name":"富贵","age":22,"description":"南京市中山陵"}
{"index":{"_id":5}}
{"name":"来福","age":8,"description":"山东济南趵突泉"}
{"index":{"_id":6}}
{"name":"憨憨","age":27,"description":"安徽黄山九华山"}
{"index":{"_id":7}}
{"name":"小七","age":31,"description":"上海东方明珠"}
{"index":{"_id":8}}
{"name":"张三","age":11,"description":"南京总统"}
must
DSl: 查询name中存在 “张三”,description中存在 “北京” 的数据
GET bool_index/_search
{
"query": {
"bool": {
"must": [
{
"match": {
"name": "张三"
}
},
{
"match": {
"description": "北京"
}
}
]
}
}
}
返回数据如下:
{
"took" : 1,
"timed_out" : false,
"_shards" : {
"total" : 1,
"successful" : 1,
"skipped" : 0,
"failed" : 0
},
"hits" : {
"total" : {
"value" : 2,
"relation" : "eq"
},
"max_score" : 3.3848772,
"hits" : [
{
"_index" : "bool_index",
"_type" : "_doc",
"_id" : "1",
"_score" : 3.3848772,
"_source" : {
"name" : "张三",
"age" : 11,
"description" : "北京故宫圆明园"
}
},
{
"_index" : "bool_index",
"_type" : "_doc",
"_id" : "3",
"_score" : 2.8753755,
"_source" : {
"name" : "张三",
"age" : 18,
"description" : "北京市天安门广场"
}
}
]
}
}
springboot实现:
private static final String INDEX_NAME = "bool_index";
@Resource
private RestHighLevelClient client;
@RequestMapping(value = "/mustQuery", method = RequestMethod.GET)
@ApiOperation(value = "DSL - mustQuery")
public void mustQuery() throws Exception {
// 定义请求对象
SearchRequest searchRequest = new SearchRequest(INDEX_NAME);
// 查询所有
searchRequest.source(new SearchSourceBuilder().query(
QueryBuilders.boolQuery()
.must(QueryBuilders.matchQuery("name","张三"))
.must(QueryBuilders.matchQuery("description","北京"))
));
// 打印返回数据
printLog(client.search(searchRequest, RequestOptions.DEFAULT));
}
private void printLog(SearchResponse searchResponse) {
SearchHits hits = searchResponse.getHits();
System.out.println("返回hits数组长度:" + hits.getHits().length);
for (SearchHit hit: hits.getHits()) {
System.out.println(hit.getSourceAsMap().toString());
}
}
返回数据如下:
返回hits数组长度:2
{name=张三, description=北京故宫圆明园, age=11}
{name=张三, description=北京市天安门广场, age=18}
should
DSL: 查询name中存在 “张三” 或者 description中存在 “北京” 的数据
GET bool_index/_search
{
"query": {
"bool": {
"should": [
{
"match": {
"name": "张三"
}
},
{
"match": {
"description": "北京"
}
}
]
}
}
}
查询结果如下:
{
"took" : 2,
"timed_out" : false,
"_shards" : {
"total" : 1,
"successful" : 1,
"skipped" : 0,
"failed" : 0
},
"hits" : {
"total" : {
"value" : 3,
"relation" : "eq"
},
"max_score" : 3.3848772,
"hits" : [
{
"_index" : "bool_index",
"_type" : "_doc",
"_id" : "1",
"_score" : 3.3848772,
"_source" : {
"name" : "张三",
"age" : 11,
"description" : "北京故宫圆明园"
}
},
{
"_index" : "bool_index",
"_type" : "_doc",
"_id" : "3",
"_score" : 2.8753755,
"_source" : {
"name" : "张三",
"age" : 18,
"description" : "北京市天安门广场"
}
},
{
"_index" : "bool_index",
"_type" : "_doc",
"_id" : "8",
"_score" : 1.8889232,
"_source" : {
"name" : "张三",
"age" : 11,
"description" : "南京总统"
}
}
]
}
}
springboot实现:
@RequestMapping(value = "/shouldQuery", method = RequestMethod.GET)
@ApiOperation(value = "DSL - shouldQuery")
public void shouldQuery() throws Exception {
// 定义请求对象
SearchRequest searchRequest = new SearchRequest(INDEX_NAME);
// 查询所有
searchRequest.source(new SearchSourceBuilder().query(
QueryBuilders.boolQuery()
.should(QueryBuilders.matchQuery("name","张三"))
.should(QueryBuilders.matchQuery("description","北京"))
));
// 打印返回数据
printLog(client.search(searchRequest, RequestOptions.DEFAULT));
}
返回数据如下:
返回hits数组长度:3
{name=张三, description=北京故宫圆明园, age=11}
{name=张三, description=北京市天安门广场, age=18}
{name=张三, description=南京总统, age=11}
filter
DSL: 查询name中存在 “张三” 或者 description中存在 “北京” 的数据 且 age > 15 的数据
GET bool_index/_search
{
"query": {
"bool": {
"must": [
{
"bool": {
"should": [
{
"match": {
"name": "张三"
}
},
{
"match": {
"description": "北京"
}
}
]
}
},
{
"bool": {
"filter": [
{
"range": {
"age": {
"gte": 15
}
}
}
]
}
}
]
}
}
}
返回数据如下:
{
"took" : 0,
"timed_out" : false,
"_shards" : {
"total" : 1,
"successful" : 1,
"skipped" : 0,
"failed" : 0
},
"hits" : {
"total" : {
"value" : 1,
"relation" : "eq"
},
"max_score" : 2.8753755,
"hits" : [
{
"_index" : "bool_index",
"_type" : "_doc",
"_id" : "3",
"_score" : 2.8753755,
"_source" : {
"name" : "张三",
"age" : 18,
"description" : "北京市天安门广场"
}
}
]
}
}
springboot实现:
@RequestMapping(value = "/filterQuery", method = RequestMethod.GET)
@ApiOperation(value = "DSL - filterQuery")
public void filterQuery() throws Exception {
// 定义请求对象
SearchRequest searchRequest = new SearchRequest(INDEX_NAME);
// 查询所有
searchRequest.source(new SearchSourceBuilder().query(
QueryBuilders.boolQuery()
.must(QueryBuilders.boolQuery()
.should(QueryBuilders.matchQuery("name","张三"))
.should(QueryBuilders.matchQuery("description","北京")))
.must(QueryBuilders.boolQuery()
.filter(QueryBuilders.rangeQuery("age").gte("15")))
));
// 打印返回数据
printLog(client.search(searchRequest, RequestOptions.DEFAULT));
}
返回数据如下:
返回hits数组长度:1
{name=张三, description=北京市天安门广场, age=18}
must_not
DSL: 查询 age 不在【11,15,18,22】 的数据
GET bool_index/_search
{
"query": {
"bool": {
"must_not": [
{
"terms": {
"age": [
"11",
"15",
"18",
"22"
]
}
}
]
}
}
}
返回数据如下:
{
"took" : 0,
"timed_out" : false,
"_shards" : {
"total" : 1,
"successful" : 1,
"skipped" : 0,
"failed" : 0
},
"hits" : {
"total" : {
"value" : 3,
"relation" : "eq"
},
"max_score" : 0.0,
"hits" : [
{
"_index" : "bool_index",
"_type" : "_doc",
"_id" : "5",
"_score" : 0.0,
"_source" : {
"name" : "来福",
"age" : 8,
"description" : "山东济南趵突泉"
}
},
{
"_index" : "bool_index",
"_type" : "_doc",
"_id" : "6",
"_score" : 0.0,
"_source" : {
"name" : "憨憨",
"age" : 27,
"description" : "安徽黄山九华山"
}
},
{
"_index" : "bool_index",
"_type" : "_doc",
"_id" : "7",
"_score" : 0.0,
"_source" : {
"name" : "小七",
"age" : 31,
"description" : "上海东方明珠"
}
}
]
}
}
springboot实现:
@RequestMapping(value = "/mustNotQuery", method = RequestMethod.GET)
@ApiOperation(value = "DSL - mustNotQuery")
public void mustNotQuery() throws Exception {
// 定义请求对象
SearchRequest searchRequest = new SearchRequest(INDEX_NAME);
// 查询所有
searchRequest.source(new SearchSourceBuilder().query(
QueryBuilders.boolQuery()
.mustNot(QueryBuilders.termsQuery("age", new String[]{"11","15","18","22"}))
));
// 打印返回数据
printLog(client.search(searchRequest, RequestOptions.DEFAULT));
}
返回数据如下:
返回hits数组长度:3
{name=来福, description=山东济南趵突泉, age=8}
{name=憨憨, description=安徽黄山九华山, age=27}
{name=小七, description=上海东方明珠, age=31}
总结:
在布尔条件中,可以包含两种不同的上下文。
-
搜索上下文(query context):使用搜索上下文时,Elasticsearch需要计算每个文档与搜索条件的相关度得分,并按照相关性进行排序,返回与查询最匹配的文档,有一定的性能开销,
带文本分析的全文检索的查询语句很适合放在搜索上下文中
,其中 must,should属于搜索上下文。- 优点:可以根据文档的相关性得分进行排序,返回与查询最匹配的文档,适用于需要按照相关性排序的搜索场景。
- 缺点:计算相关性得分的过程会消耗大量的计算资源,对于大规模数据集搜索性能可能较差。
-
过滤上下文(filter context):过滤上下文是根据指定的过滤条件来筛选文档,不计算相关性得分,只返回符合条件的文档,例如使用Term query判断一个值是否跟搜索内容一致,使用Range query判断某数据是否位于某个区间等。
过滤上下文的查询不需要进行相关度得分计算,还可以使用缓存加快响应速度,很多术语级查询语句都适合放在过滤上下文中
,其中 must_not,filter属于过滤上下文。- 优点:不需要计算相关性得分,查询性能较好,适用于需要高效筛选文档的搜索场景。
- 缺点:无法按照相关性排序返回文档,不适用于需要按照相关性排序的搜索场景。