Java通俗易懂30天 第12天: 面向对象进阶1

全部源码：https://github.com/name365/JavaSE-30Day

第四章 面向对象(中)

继承性的使用与理解

• Person 类

public class Person {

	String name;
	private int age;

	public Person(){

	}

	public Person(String name,int age){
		this.name = name;
		this.age = age;
	}

	public void eat(){
		System.out.println("吃饭");
		sleep();
	}

	private void sleep(){
		System.out.println("睡觉");
	}

	public int getAge() {
		return age;
	}

	public void setAge(int age) {
		this.age = age;
	}

}

• Student 类

public class Student extends Person {

	String major;

	public Student(){

	}

	public Student(String name,int age,String major){
		this.name = name;

		setAge(age);
		this.major = major;
	}

	public void study(){
		System.out.println("学习");
	}

	public void show(){
		System.out.println("name:" + name + ",age = " + getAge());
	}

}

• 测试类

public class ExtendsTest {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		Person p1 = new Person();

		p1.eat();
		System.out.println("********************");

		Student s1 = new Student();
		s1.eat();

		s1.name = "Tom";

		s1.setAge(10);
		System.out.println(s1.getAge());

	}
}

• Java 中关于继承性的规定

public class ExtendsTest {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		s1.brease();

		Creature c = new Creature();
		System.out.println(c.toString());

	}
}

• 将上述 Person 类改为如下

public class Person extends Creature {
    ...

}

• Creature 类

public class Creature {

	public void brease(){
		System.out.println("呼吸");
	}
}

继承性练习

• 练习1
  

public class Kids extends ManKind{

	private int yearsOld;

	public Kids() {

	}

	public Kids(int yearsOld) {
		this.yearsOld = yearsOld;
	}

	public int getYearsOld() {
		return yearsOld;
	}

	public void setYearsOld(int yearsOld) {
		this.yearsOld = yearsOld;
	}

	public void printAge(){
		System.out.println("I am " + yearsOld);
	}
}

• ManKind类

public class ManKind {

	private int sex;
	private int salary;

	public ManKind() {

	}

	public ManKind(int sex, int salary) {
		this.sex = sex;
		this.salary = salary;
	}

	public void manOrWoman(){
		if(sex==1){
			System.out.println("man");
		}else if(sex==0){
			System.out.println("woman");
		}
	}

	public void employeed(){
		if(salary==0){
			System.out.println("no job");
		}else if(salary!=0){
			System.out.println("job");
		}
	}

	public int getSex() {
		return sex;
	}

	public void setSex(int sex) {
		this.sex = sex;
	}

	public int getSalary() {
		return salary;
	}

	public void setSalary(int salary) {
		this.salary = salary;
	}

}

• KidsTest

public class KidsTest {
	public static void main(String[] args) {

		Kids someKid = new Kids(12);

		someKid.printAge();

		someKid.setYearsOld(15);
		someKid.setSalary(0);
		someKid.setSex(1);

		someKid.employeed();
		someKid.manOrWoman();
	}
}

• 练习2
  

public class Circle {

	public double radius;

	public Circle(){
		radius = 1.0;
	}

	public double getRadius() {
		return radius;
	}

	public void setRadius(double radius) {
		this.radius = radius;
	}

	public double findArea(){
		return Math.PI * radius * radius;
	}
}

• Cylinder类

public class Cylinder extends Circle{

	private double length;

	public Cylinder(){
		length = 1.0;
	}

	public double getLength() {
		return length;
	}

	public void setLength(double length) {
		this.length = length;
	}

	public double findVolume(){
		return findArea() * length;
	}
}

• 测试类

public class CylinderTest {
	public static void main(String[] args) {

		Cylinder cy = new Cylinder();

		cy.setRadius(2.1);
		cy.setLength(3.4);
		double volues = cy.findVolume();
		System.out.println("圆柱的体积:" + volues);

		double area = cy.findArea();
		System.out.println("圆的面积: " + area);
	}
}

方法的重写(override/overwrite)

• Person类

public class Person {

	String name;
	int age;

	public Person(){

	}

	public Person(String name,int age){
		this.name = name;
		this.age = age;
	}

	public void eat(){
		System.out.println("吃饭");
	}

	public void walk(int distance){
		System.out.println("走路，走的距离是：" + distance + "公里");
		show();
	}

	private void show(){
		System.out.println("我是一个人。");
	}

	public Object info(){
		return null;
	}

	public double info1(){
		return 1.0;
	}
}

• Student类

public class Student extends Person{

	String major;

	public Student(){

	}

	public Student(String major){
		this.major = major;
	}

	public void study(){
		System.out.println("学习，专业是:" + major);
	}

	public void eat(){
		System.out.println("学生应该多吃有营养的。");
	}

	public void show(){
		System.out.println("我是一个学生。");
	}

	public String info(){
		return null;
	}

	@Override
	public void walk(int distance) {
		System.out.println("自动生成");
	}
}

• 测试类

public class PersonTest {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		Student s = new Student("计算机科学与技术");
		s.eat();
		s.walk(10);

		s.study();
	}
}

方法重写的细节

• Person类

public class Person {

	String name;
	int age;

	public Person(){

	}

	public Person(String name,int age){
		this.name = name;
		this.age = age;
	}

	static void eat(){
		System.out.println("吃饭");
	}

	public void walk(int distance){
		System.out.println("走路，走的距离是：" + distance + "公里");
		show();
	}

	private void show(){
		System.out.println("我是一个人。");
	}

	public Object info(){
		return null;
	}

	public double info1(){
		return 1.0;
	}
}

• Student类

public class Student extends Person{

	String major;

	public Student(){

	}

	public Student(String major){
		this.major = major;
	}

	public void study(){
		System.out.println("学习，专业是:" + major);
	}

	public static void eat(){
		System.out.println("学生应该多吃有营养的。");
	}

	public void show(){
		System.out.println("我是一个学生。");
	}

	public String info(){
		return null;
	}

	@Override
	public void walk(int distance) {
		System.out.println("自动生成");
	}
}

• 测试类

public class PersonTest {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		Student s = new Student("计算机科学与技术");
		s.eat();
		s.walk(10);
		System.out.println("*******************");

		s.study();

		Person p1 = new Person();
		p1.eat();
	}
}

方法的练习

• 练习1

1.如果现在父类的一个方法定义成private访问权限，在子类中将此方法声明为default访问权限，那么这样还叫重写吗？(NO)

• 练习2

public class Kids extends ManKind{

	private int yearsOld;

	public Kids() {

	}

	public Kids(int yearsOld) {
		this.yearsOld = yearsOld;
	}

	public int getYearsOld() {
		return yearsOld;
	}

	public void setYearsOld(int yearsOld) {
		this.yearsOld = yearsOld;
	}

	public void printAge(){
		System.out.println("I am " + yearsOld);
	}

	public void employeed(){
		System.out.println("Kids should study and no job.");
	}
}

• MindKids类

public class ManKind {

	private int sex;
	private int salary;

	public ManKind() {

	}

	public ManKind(int sex, int salary) {
		this.sex = sex;
		this.salary = salary;
	}

	public void manOrWoman(){
		if(sex==1){
			System.out.println("man");
		}else if(sex==0){
			System.out.println("woman");
		}
	}

	public void employeed(){
		if(salary==0){
			System.out.println("no job");
		}else if(salary!=0){
			System.out.println("job");
		}
	}

	public int getSex() {
		return sex;
	}

	public void setSex(int sex) {
		this.sex = sex;
	}

	public int getSalary() {
		return salary;
	}

	public void setSalary(int salary) {
		this.salary = salary;
	}

}

• 测试类

public class KidsTest {
	public static void main(String[] args) {

		Kids someKid = new Kids(12);

		someKid.printAge();

		someKid.setYearsOld(15);
		someKid.setSalary(0);
		someKid.setSex(1);

		someKid.employeed();
		someKid.manOrWoman();
	}
}

四种访问权限修饰符

对于之前的四种权限修饰符的补充

• Order类

package githubb;

public class Order {

	private int orderPrivate;
	int orderDefault;
	protected int orderProtected;
	public int orderPublic;

	private void methodPrivate(){
		orderPrivate = 1;
		orderDefault = 2;
		orderProtected = 3;
		orderPublic = 4;
	}

	void methodDefault(){
		orderPrivate = 1;
		orderDefault = 2;
		orderProtected = 3;
		orderPublic = 4;
	}

	protected void methodProtected(){
		orderPrivate = 1;
		orderDefault = 2;
		orderProtected = 3;
		orderPublic = 4;
	}

	public void methodPublic(){
		orderPrivate = 1;
		orderDefault = 2;
		orderProtected = 3;
		orderPublic = 4;
	}
}

• Ordertest类

package githubb;

public class OrderTest {
	public static void main(String[] args) {

		Order order = new Order();

		order.orderDefault = 1;
		order.orderProtected = 2;
		order.orderPublic = 3;

		order.methodDefault();
		order.methodProtected();
		order.methodPublic();

	}
}

• SubOrder类

package githubc;

import githubb.Order;

public class SubOrder extends Order{

	public void method(){
		orderProtected = 1;
		orderPublic = 2;

		methodProtected();
		methodPublic();

	}
}

• OrderTest类

package githubc;

import githubb.Order;

public class OrderTest {
	public static void main(String[] args) {

		Order order = new Order();
		order.orderPublic = 1;
		order.methodPublic();

	}

	public void show(Order order){
		order.orderPublic = 1;
		order.methodPublic();

	}
}

关键字：super

• Person类

public class Person {

	String name;
	int age;
	int id = 1003;

	public Person(){
		System.out.println("我无处不在");
	}

	public Person(String name){
		this.name = name;
	}

	public Person(String name,int age){
		this(name);
		this.age = age;
	}

	public void eat(){
		System.out.println("人，吃饭");
	}

	public void walk(){
		System.out.println("人，走路");
	}
}

• Student类

public class Student extends Person{

	String major;
	int id = 1002;

	public Student(){

	}

	public Student(String name,int age,String major){

		super(name,age);
		this.major = major;
	}

	public Student(String major){
		this.major = major;
	}

	public void eat(){
		System.out.println("学生多吃有营养的食物");
	}

	public void Study(){
		System.out.println("学生，学习知识。");
		this.eat();

		super.eat();
		super.walk();
	}
	public void show(){
		System.out.println("name = " + this.name + ",age = " + super.age);
		System.out.println("id = " + this.id);
		System.out.println("id = " + super.id);
	}
}

• 测试类

public class SuperTest {
	public static void main(String[] args) {

		Student s = new Student();
		s.show();

		s.Study();

		Student s1 = new Student("Ton",21,"IT" );
		s1.show();

		System.out.println("***********************");
		Student s2 = new Student();

	}
}

子类对象实例化过程

public class InstanceTest {

}

附件：实验继承-super.pdf

• Account类

public class Account {

	private int id;
	private double balance;
	private double annualInterestRate;

	public Account(int id, double balance, double annualInterestRate) {
		super();
		this.id = id;
		this.balance = balance;
		this.annualInterestRate = annualInterestRate;
	}

	public int getId() {
		return id;
	}

	public void setId(int id) {
		this.id = id;
	}

	public double getBalance() {
		return balance;
	}

	public void setBalance(double balance) {
		this.balance = balance;
	}

	public double getAnnualInterestRate() {
		return annualInterestRate;
	}

	public void setAnnualInterestRate(double annualInterestRate) {
		this.annualInterestRate = annualInterestRate;
	}

	public double getMonthlyInterest(){
		return annualInterestRate / 12;
	}

	public void withdraw (double amount){
		if(balance >= amount){
			balance -= amount;
			return;
		}
		System.out.println("余额不足");
	}

	public void deposit (double amount){
		if(amount > 0){
			balance += amount;

		}
	}

}

• AccountTest类

public class AccountTest {
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		Account acct = new Account(1122,20000,0.045);

		acct.withdraw(30000);
		System.out.println("你的账户余额为:" + acct.getBalance());
		acct.withdraw(2500);
		System.out.println("你的账户余额为:" + acct.getBalance());
		acct.deposit(3000);
		System.out.println("你的账户余额为:" + acct.getBalance());

		System.out.println("月利率为: " + (acct.getAnnualInterestRate() * 100) + "%");
	}
}

• CheckAccount类

public class CheckAccount extends Account{

	private double overdraft;

	public CheckAccount(int id, double balance, double annualInterestRate,double overdraft){
		super(id, balance, annualInterestRate);
		this.overdraft = overdraft;
	}

	public double getOverdraft() {
		return overdraft;
	}

	public void setOverdraft(double overdraft) {
		this.overdraft = overdraft;
	}

	@Override
	public void withdraw(double amount) {
		if(getBalance() >= amount){

			super.withdraw(amount);
		}else if(overdraft >= amount - getBalance()){

			overdraft -= (amount - getBalance());

			super.withdraw(getBalance());

		}else{
			System.out.println("超过可透支限额！");
		}

	}
}

• CheckAccountTest类

public class CheckAccountTest {
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		CheckAccount cat = new CheckAccount(1122,20000,0.045,5000);

		cat.withdraw(5000);
		System.out.println("您的账户余额为: " + cat.getBalance());
		System.out.println("您的可透支额度为: " + cat.getOverdraft());

		cat.withdraw(18000);
		System.out.println("您的账户余额为: " + cat.getBalance());
		System.out.println("您的可透支额度为: " + cat.getOverdraft());

		cat.withdraw(3000);
		System.out.println("您的账户余额为: " + cat.getBalance());
		System.out.println("您的可透支额度为: " + cat.getOverdraft());
	}
}

面向对象特征之三：多态性

• Person类

public class Person {
	String name;
	int age;

	public void eat(){
		System.out.println("人，吃饭");
	}

	public void walk(){
		System.out.println("人，走路");
	}

}

• Woman类

public class Woman extends Person{

	boolean isBeauty;

	public void goShopping(){
		System.out.println("女人喜欢购物");
	}

	public void eat(){
		System.out.println("女人少吃，为了减肥。");
	}

	public void walk(){
		System.out.println("女人，窈窕的走路。");
	}
}

• Man类

public class Man extends Person{

	boolean isSmoking;

	public void earnMoney(){
		System.out.println("男人负责工作养家");
	}

	public void eat() {
		System.out.println("男人多吃肉，长肌肉");
	}

	public void walk() {
		System.out.println("男人霸气的走路");
	}
}

• 测试类

public class PersonTest {
	public static void main(String[] args) {

	Person p1 = new Person();
	p1.eat();

	Man man = new Man();
	man.eat();
	man.age = 25;
	man.earnMoney();

	Person p2 = new Man();

	p2.eat();
	p2.walk();

	}
}

• 举例

public class AnimalTest {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		AnimalTest test = new AnimalTest();
		test.func(new Dog());

		test.func(new Cat());
	}

	public void func(Animal animal){
		animal.eat();
		animal.shout();
	}

	public void func(Dog dog){
		dog.eat();
		dog.shout();
	}

	public void func(Cat cat){
		cat.eat();
		cat.shout();
	}
}

class Animal{

	public void eat(){
		System.out.println("动物，进食");
	}

	public void shout(){
		System.out.println("动物：叫");
	}
}

class Dog extends Animal{
	public void eat(){
		System.out.println("狗吃骨头");
	}

	public void shout() {
		System.out.println("汪！汪！汪！");
	}
}

class Cat extends Animal{
	public void eat(){
		System.out.println("猫吃鱼");
	}

	public void shout() {
		System.out.println("喵！喵！喵！");
	}
}

虚拟方法的补充

import java.util.Random;

class Animal  {

	protected void eat() {
		System.out.println("animal eat food");
	}
}

class Cat  extends Animal  {

	protected void eat() {
		System.out.println("cat eat fish");
	}
}

class Dog  extends Animal  {

	public void eat() {
		System.out.println("Dog eat bone");

	}

}

class Sheep  extends Animal  {

	public void eat() {
		System.out.println("Sheep eat grass");

	}

}

public class InterviewTest {

	public static Animal  getInstance(int key) {
		switch (key) {
		case 0:
			return new Cat ();
		case 1:
			return new Dog ();
		default:
			return new Sheep ();
		}

	}

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		int key = new Random().nextInt(3);

		System.out.println(key);

		Animal  animal = getInstance(key);

		animal.eat();

	}

}

整个Java全栈系列都是笔者自己敲的笔记。写作不易，如果可以，点个赞呗！✌