Java8实战阅读笔记(用Optional取代null)

public class Person {
    private Car car;
    public Car getCar() { return car; }

    public class Car {
        private Insurance insurance;
        public Insurance getInsurance() { return insurance; }
    }
    public class Insurance {
        private String name;
        public String getName() { return name; }
    }
 }

10.1 采用防御式检查减少 NullPointerException

   public String getCarInsuranceName(Person person) {
        if (person != null) {
            Car car = person.getCar();
            if (car != null) {
                Insurance insurance = car.getInsurance();
                if (insurance != null) {
                    return insurance.getName();
                }
            }
        }
        return "Unknown";
    }
// 过多的退出语句
 public String getCarInsuranceName(Person person) {
        if (person == null) {
            return "Unknown";
        }
        Car car = person.getCar();
        if (car == null) {
            return "Unknown";
        }
        Insurance insurance = car.getInsurance();
        if (insurance == null) {
            return "Unknown";
        }
        return insurance.getName();
   }

10.2 创建Optional对象

10.2.1 声明一个空的Optional

Optional<Object> empty = Optional.empty();

10.2.2 依据一个非空值创建Optional

        Optional<Car> car = Optional.of(new Car());

10.2.3 可接受null的Optional允许null值的Optional

        Optional<Car> car1 = Optional.ofNullable(new Car());

10.2.4 例子

		// 使用Optional之前
		String name = null;
        Insurance insurance = new Insurance();
        if (insurance != null) {
            name = insurance.getName();
        }
       // 使用Optional后
        Optional<Insurance> insurance1 = Optional.ofNullable(insurance);
        Optional<String> s = insurance1.map(Insurance::getName);
        String s1 = s.get();

	    // 用Optional 封装可能为null的值
        Map map = new HashMap<>();
        //如果Map中不含指定的键对应的值，它的get方法会返回一个null
        Object key = map.get("key");
        // 采用前文介绍的Optional.ofNullable方法
        Optional<Object> key1 = Optional.ofNullable(map.get("key"));