内核延迟执行-sleep-dealy

• mdelay
  mdelay采用的忙等待的方法一直占用cpu资源，延时准确，直到时间到达，长延时不建议采用该方法。可以用于进程上下文和中断上下文。

/*
 * Using udelay() for intervals greater than a few milliseconds can
 * risk overflow for high loops_per_jiffy (high bogomips) machines. The
 * mdelay() provides a wrapper to prevent this.  For delays greater
 * than MAX_UDELAY_MS milliseconds, the wrapper is used.  Architecture
 * specific values can be defined in asm-???/delay.h as an override.
 * The 2nd mdelay() definition ensures GCC will optimize away the 
 * while loop for the common cases where n <= MAX_UDELAY_MS  --  Paul G.
 */

#ifndef MAX_UDELAY_MS
#define MAX_UDELAY_MS	5
#endif

#ifndef mdelay
#define mdelay(n) (\
	(__builtin_constant_p(n) && (n)<=MAX_UDELAY_MS) ? udelay((n)*1000) : \
	({unsigned long __ms=(n); while (__ms--) udelay(1000);}))
#endif

#ifndef ndelay
static inline void ndelay(unsigned long x)
{
	udelay(DIV_ROUND_UP(x, 1000));
}
#define ndelay(x) ndelay(x)
#endif

• msleep
  msleep只能用于进程上下文，延时不准确，延时期间不占用cpu资源，从内核实现来看其实就是调用了一个内核标准定时器。

/**
 * msleep - sleep safely even with waitqueue interruptions
 * @msecs: Time in milliseconds to sleep for
 */
void msleep(unsigned int msecs)
{
	unsigned long timeout = msecs_to_jiffies(msecs) + 1;

	while (timeout)
		timeout = schedule_timeout_uninterruptible(timeout);
}

EXPORT_SYMBOL(msleep);

signed long __sched schedule_timeout_uninterruptible(signed long timeout)
{
	__set_current_state(TASK_UNINTERRUPTIBLE);
	return schedule_timeout(timeout);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(schedule_timeout_uninterruptible);

// 定时时间到达之后调用的回调函数，其实就是将睡眠进程唤醒
static void process_timeout(struct timer_list *t)
{
	struct process_timer *timeout = from_timer(timeout, t, timer);

	wake_up_process(timeout->task);
}

/**
 * schedule_timeout - sleep until timeout
 * @timeout: timeout value in jiffies
 *
 * Make the current task sleep until @timeout jiffies have
 * elapsed. The routine will return immediately unless
 * the current task state has been set (see set_current_state()).
 *
 * You can set the task state as follows -
 *
 * %TASK_UNINTERRUPTIBLE - at least @timeout jiffies are guaranteed to
 * pass before the routine returns unless the current task is explicitly
 * woken up, (e.g. by wake_up_process())".
 *
 * %TASK_INTERRUPTIBLE - the routine may return early if a signal is
 * delivered to the current task or the current task is explicitly woken
 * up.
 *
 * The current task state is guaranteed to be TASK_RUNNING when this
 * routine returns.
 *
 * Specifying a @timeout value of %MAX_SCHEDULE_TIMEOUT will schedule
 * the CPU away without a bound on the timeout. In this case the return
 * value will be %MAX_SCHEDULE_TIMEOUT.
 *
 * Returns 0 when the timer has expired otherwise the remaining time in
 * jiffies will be returned.  In all cases the return value is guaranteed
 * to be non-negative.
 */
signed long __sched schedule_timeout(signed long timeout)
{
	struct process_timer timer;
	unsigned long expire;

	switch (timeout)
	{
	case MAX_SCHEDULE_TIMEOUT:
		/*
		 * These two special cases are useful to be comfortable
		 * in the caller. Nothing more. We could take
		 * MAX_SCHEDULE_TIMEOUT from one of the negative value
		 * but I' d like to return a valid offset (>=0) to allow
		 * the caller to do everything it want with the retval.
		 */
		schedule();
		goto out;
	default:
		/*
		 * Another bit of PARANOID. Note that the retval will be
		 * 0 since no piece of kernel is supposed to do a check
		 * for a negative retval of schedule_timeout() (since it
		 * should never happens anyway). You just have the printk()
		 * that will tell you if something is gone wrong and where.
		 */
		if (timeout < 0) {
			printk(KERN_ERR "schedule_timeout: wrong timeout "
				"value %lx\n", timeout);
			dump_stack();
			current->state = TASK_RUNNING;
			goto out;
		}
	}

	expire = timeout + jiffies;

	timer.task = current;
	timer_setup_on_stack(&timer.timer, process_timeout, 0);
	__mod_timer(&timer.timer, expire, 0);
	schedule();
	del_singleshot_timer_sync(&timer.timer);

	/* Remove the timer from the object tracker */
	destroy_timer_on_stack(&timer.timer);

	timeout = expire - jiffies;

 out:
	return timeout < 0 ? 0 : timeout;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(schedule_timeout);

• schedule_timeout

/*
 * We can use __set_current_state() here because schedule_timeout() calls
 * schedule() unconditionally.
 */
signed long __sched schedule_timeout_interruptible(signed long timeout)
{
	__set_current_state(TASK_INTERRUPTIBLE);
	return schedule_timeout(timeout);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(schedule_timeout_interruptible);

signed long __sched schedule_timeout_killable(signed long timeout)
{
	__set_current_state(TASK_KILLABLE);
	return schedule_timeout(timeout);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(schedule_timeout_killable);

signed long __sched schedule_timeout_uninterruptible(signed long timeout)
{
	__set_current_state(TASK_UNINTERRUPTIBLE);
	return schedule_timeout(timeout);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(schedule_timeout_uninterruptible);

/*
 1. Like schedule_timeout_uninterruptible(), except this task will not contribute
 2. to load average.
 */
signed long __sched schedule_timeout_idle(signed long timeout)
{
	__set_current_state(TASK_IDLE);
	return schedule_timeout(timeout);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(schedule_timeout_idle);

1. schedule_timeout_interruptible
   将进程状态设置为可中断状态后睡眠，函数会在等待期间检查当前进程是否收到了信号，如果收到了信号，则会立即返回，并返回一个非零值，表示等待被中断，定时器时间到达后进程被唤醒。
2. schedule_timeout_uninterruptible
   将进程状态设置为不可中断状态后睡眠，它会一直等待指定的时间，直到时间到期或者等待条件满足，即使在等待期间收到了信号也不会中断等待，定时器时间到达后进程被唤醒。
3. schedule_timeout_killable
   将进程状态设置为killable后睡眠，定时器时间到达后进程被唤醒。
4. schedule_timeout_idle
   将进程状态设置为idle后睡眠，定时器时间到达后进程被唤醒。

• msecs_to_jiffies

/**
 * msecs_to_jiffies: - convert milliseconds to jiffies
 * @m:	time in milliseconds
 *
 * conversion is done as follows:
 *
 * - negative values mean 'infinite timeout' (MAX_JIFFY_OFFSET)
 *
 * - 'too large' values [that would result in larger than
 *   MAX_JIFFY_OFFSET values] mean 'infinite timeout' too.
 *
 * - all other values are converted to jiffies by either multiplying
 *   the input value by a factor or dividing it with a factor and
 *   handling any 32-bit overflows.
 *   for the details see __msecs_to_jiffies()
 *
 * msecs_to_jiffies() checks for the passed in value being a constant
 * via __builtin_constant_p() allowing gcc to eliminate most of the
 * code, __msecs_to_jiffies() is called if the value passed does not
 * allow constant folding and the actual conversion must be done at
 * runtime.
 * the HZ range specific helpers _msecs_to_jiffies() are called both
 * directly here and from __msecs_to_jiffies() in the case where
 * constant folding is not possible.
 */
static __always_inline unsigned long msecs_to_jiffies(const unsigned int m)
{
	if (__builtin_constant_p(m)) {
		if ((int)m < 0)
			return MAX_JIFFY_OFFSET;
		return _msecs_to_jiffies(m);
	} else {
		return __msecs_to_jiffies(m);
	}
}

/*
 1. Convert jiffies to milliseconds and back.
 2.  3. Avoid unnecessary multiplications/divisions in the
 4. two most common HZ cases:
 */
unsigned int jiffies_to_msecs(const unsigned long j)
{
#if HZ <= MSEC_PER_SEC && !(MSEC_PER_SEC % HZ)
	return (MSEC_PER_SEC / HZ) * j;
#elif HZ > MSEC_PER_SEC && !(HZ % MSEC_PER_SEC)
	return (j + (HZ / MSEC_PER_SEC) - 1)/(HZ / MSEC_PER_SEC);
#else
# if BITS_PER_LONG == 32
	return (HZ_TO_MSEC_MUL32 * j + (1ULL << HZ_TO_MSEC_SHR32) - 1) >>
	       HZ_TO_MSEC_SHR32;
# else
	return DIV_ROUND_UP(j * HZ_TO_MSEC_NUM, HZ_TO_MSEC_DEN);
# endif
#endif
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(jiffies_to_msecs);

1. msecs_to_jiffies
   ms转换成jiffies
2. jiffies_to_msecs
   jiffies转换成ms