ext文件系统找到文件在磁盘中对应的扇区

诉求：想要找到一个文件存放在物理磁盘的哪个扇区？
验证思路：在/目录下创建一个文件test，并且写入测试字符串，使用debugfs的方式查看文件所对应的扇区。

• bebugfs是什么。
  看看debugfs支持哪些文件系统，从结果来看仅支持ext家族，猜想是不是每种文件系统都会维护自己的调试工具？？。

debugfs - ext2/ext3/ext4 file system debugger

好巧，测试的文件系统是ext4（ext4用的最广泛？）

root@rlk:/# findmnt
TARGET                                SOURCE         FSTYPE     OPTIONS
/                                     /dev/sda5      ext4       rw,relatime,errors=remount-ro
├─/sys                                sysfs          sysfs      rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime
│ ├─/sys/kernel/security              securityfs     securityfs rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime
│ ├─/sys/fs/cgroup                    tmpfs          tmpfs      ro,nosuid,nodev,noexec,mode=755
......

• 往测试文件写点测试数据并找到文件所在的挂载点。

root@rlk:/# echo "this is test string!!!" > test
echo "this is test stringls!" > test

root@rlk:/# df test
Filesystem      1K-blocks     Used Available Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda5      1029518584 23992112 953160088   3% /

• 使用debugfs查看文件的基本信息。
  注意：stat后的参数是刨去挂载点之后的路径。

root@rlk:/# debugfs /dev/sda5
debugfs 1.45.5 (07-Jan-2020)
debugfs:  cd /root	# 需要cd到文件所在路径或者跟文件的全路径。
debugfs:  stat test
Inode: 22   Type: regular    Mode:  0644   Flags: 0x80000
Generation: 213671614    Version: 0x00000000:00000001
User:     0   Group:     0   Project:     0   Size: 23
File ACL: 0
Links: 1   Blockcount: 8
Fragment:  Address: 0    Number: 0    Size: 0
 ctime: 0x642441cf:d35e13a4 -- Wed Mar 29 21:49:03 2023
 atime: 0x642441cf:d35e13a4 -- Wed Mar 29 21:49:03 2023
 mtime: 0x642441cf:d35e13a4 -- Wed Mar 29 21:49:03 2023
crtime: 0x642441cf:d35e13a4 -- Wed Mar 29 21:49:03 2023
Size of extra inode fields: 32
Inode checksum: 0x17e647f7
EXTENTS:
(0):34147

• 确定文件系统的块大小

root@rlk:/# tune2fs -l /dev/sda5 | grep "Block size"
Block size:               4096

• 读取对应扇区数据。
  对于/dev/sda5磁盘分区来讲，文件存放的block offset为34147，也就是说EXTENTS下的偏移为块偏移，转换算成扇区就是第34147*8=273176个扇区。

方式一；
root@rlk:/# dd if=/dev/sda5 of=./test.img bs=4k count=1 skip=34147
1+0 records in
1+0 records out
4096 bytes (4.1 kB, 4.0 KiB) copied, 0.000373013 s, 11.0 MB/s
方式二：
root@rlk:/# dd if=/dev/sda5 of=./test.img bs=512 count=1 skip=273176
1+0 records in
1+0 records out
512 bytes copied, 0.000305426 s, 1.7 MB/s

root@rlk:/# hexedit ./test.img
00000000   74 68 69 73  20 69 73 20  74 65 73 74  20 73 74 72  69 6E 67 6C  73 21 0A 00  this is test stringls!..
00000018   00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00  ........................
00000030   00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00  ........................
00000048   00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00  ........................
00000060   00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00  ........................
00000078   00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00  ........................
00000090   00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00  ........................
000000A8   00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00  ........................
000000C0   00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00  ........................
000000D8   00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00  ........................
000000F0   00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00  ........................
00000108   00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00  ........................
00000120   00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00  ........................
00000138   00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00  ........................
00000150   00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00  ........................
00000168   00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00  ........................
......