Docker安装
环境准备
1.需要会一点linux的基础。
2.Centos 7
3.Xshell远程连接工具
安装环境查看
#系统内核版本3.10+
[root@centos-1 /]# clear
[root@centos-1 /]# uname -r
3.10.0-1062.el7.x86_64
#系统版本
[root@centos-1 /]# cat /etc/os-release
NAME="CentOS Linux"
VERSION="7 (Core)"
ID="centos"
ID_LIKE="rhel fedora"
VERSION_ID="7"
PRETTY_NAME="CentOS Linux 7 (Core)"
ANSI_COLOR="0;31"
CPE_NAME="cpe:/o:centos:centos:7"
HOME_URL="https://www.centos.org/"
BUG_REPORT_URL="https://bugs.centos.org/"
CENTOS_MANTISBT_PROJECT="CentOS-7"
CENTOS_MANTISBT_PROJECT_VERSION="7"
REDHAT_SUPPORT_PRODUCT="centos"
REDHAT_SUPPORT_PRODUCT_VERSION="7"
参考帮助文档
1.第一步卸载旧的版本
$ yum remove docker \
docker-client \
docker-client-latest \
docker-common \
docker-latest \
docker-latest-logrotate \
docker-logrotate \
docker-engine
2.安装需要的安装包
yum install -y yum-utils
3.设置镜像的仓库
# 默认是从国外的下载，速度极慢
$ yum-config-manager \
--add-repo \
https://download.docker.com/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
# 推荐使用阿里云，比较快
$ yum-config-manager \
--add-repo \
http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
#更新yum软件包索引
$ yum makecache fast
4.安装docker
#-ce 社区版本 还有-ee 企业版
$ yum install docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io
5.启动docker
$ systemctl start docker
查看是否安装成功。
[root@VM-0-7-centos ~]# docker version
Client: Docker Engine - Community
Version: 20.10.4
API version: 1.41
Go version: go1.13.15
Git commit: d3cb89e
Built: Thu Feb 25 07:06:20 2021
OS/Arch: linux/amd64
Context: default
Experimental: true
Server: Docker Engine - Community
Engine:
Version: 20.10.4
API version: 1.41 (minimum version 1.12)
Go version: go1.13.15
Git commit: 363e9a8
Built: Thu Feb 25 07:04:45 2021
OS/Arch: linux/amd64
Experimental: false
containerd:
Version: 1.4.3
GitCommit: 269548fa27e0089a8b8278fc4fc781d7f65a939b
runc:
Version: 1.0.0-rc92
GitCommit: ff819c7e9184c13b7c2607fe6c30ae19403a7aff
docker-init:
Version: 0.19.0
GitCommit: de40ad0
运行hello-world镜像
$ docker run hello-world
查看hello-world镜像
docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
hello-world latest bf756fb1ae65 14 months ago 13.3kB
卸载docker
var/lib/docker是 docker的默认工作路径
#卸载依赖
$ yum remove docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io
#删除资源
$ rm -rf /var/lib/docker
配置阿里云镜像加速器
（没有自己注册一下）
配置使用
#创建目录
sudo mkdir -p /etc/docker
sudo tee /etc/docker/daemon.json <<-'EOF'
{
"registry-mirrors": ["https://*****k.mirror.aliyuncs.com"]
}
EOF
#服务重启
sudo systemctl daemon-reload
#docker重启
sudo systemctl restart docker
回顾hello-word流程
见下面的流程图。
Docker为什么比虚拟机快？
- 首先docker有比虚拟机更少的抽象层。
- docker是一个服务。
- 新建一个docker的时候，不需要像虚拟机重新加载一个操作系统内核。
我们的所有的容器都是装在这个服务里面，也可以在服务里面在去划分一个一个的centos。而虚拟机更多的是物理存在的，我们自己安装虚拟机都是需要去划分内存的。docker更像是一个大家庭，我们只需要在linux服务器上安装docker服务就可以了。它利用的是宿主机的内核，而vm需要在服务器上去手动搭建虚拟服务器。新建一个docker的时候，不需要像虚拟机重新加载一个操作系统内核。
Docker常用命令
帮助命令
# docker 版本
docker version
# docker中，比如镜像和容器的数量。
docker info
docker --help
镜像命令
# 查看所有镜像信息
docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
hello-world latest bf756fb1ae65 14 months ago 13.3kB
REPOSITORY 镜像的仓库源
TAG ：镜像的标签
IMAGE ID ：镜像id
CREATED :镜像的创建时间
SIZE：镜像大小
#所有的镜像
docker images -a
#显示 镜像id
docker images -q
# 搜索镜像
docker search mysql
NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED
mysql MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation… 10563 [OK]
mariadb MariaDB Server is a high performing open sou… 3947 [OK]
mysql/mysql-server Optimized MySQL Server Docker images. Create… 774 [OK]
percona Percona Server is a fork of the MySQL relati… 527 [OK]
centos/mysql-57-centos7 MySQL 5.7 SQL database server 87
# 通过搜藏星数过滤stars
[root@VM-0-7-centos ~]docker search mysql --filter=STARS=5000
NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED
mysql MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation… 10563 [OK]
#下载mysql镜像
[root@VM-0-7-centos ~]#docker pull mysql
Using default tag: latest #如果不写TAG 默认下载latest
latest: Pulling from library/mysql
a076a628af6f: Pull complete #分层下载
f6c208f3f991: Pull complete
88a9455a9165: Pull complete
406c9b8427c6: Pull complete
7c88599c0b25: Pull complete
25b5c6debdaf: Pull complete
43a5816f1617: Pull complete
1a8c919e89bf: Pull complete
9f3cf4bd1a07: Pull complete
80539cea118d: Pull complete
201b3cad54ce: Pull complete
944ba37e1c06: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:feada149cb8ff54eade1336da7c1d080c4a1c7ed82b5e320efb5beebed85ae8c
Status: Downloaded newer image for mysql:latest #真实地址
docker.io/library/mysql:latest
##下面2个命令其实是等价的
docker pull docker.io/library/mysql:latest
docker pull mysql
指定mysql5.7版本下载
[root@VM-0-7-centos ~]# docker pull mysql:5.7
5.7: Pulling from library/mysql
a076a628af6f: Already exists #存在的就不用下载了，这样是比较好的
f6c208f3f991: Already exists
88a9455a9165: Already exists
406c9b8427c6: Already exists
7c88599c0b25: Already exists
25b5c6debdaf: Already exists
43a5816f1617: Already exists
1831ac1245f4: Pull complete
37677b8c1f79: Pull complete
27e4ac3b0f6e: Pull complete
7227baa8c445: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:b3d1eff023f698cd433695c9506171f0d08a8f92a0c8063c1a4d9db9a55808df
Status: Downloaded newer image for mysql:5.7
docker.io/library/mysql:5.7
镜像删除
删除指定镜像
docker rmi -f [镜像id]
[root@VM-0-7-centos ~]# docker rmi -f c8562eaf9d81
Untagged: mysql:latest
Untagged: mysql@sha256:feada149cb8ff54eade1336da7c1d080c4a1c7ed82b5e320efb5beebed85ae8c
Deleted: sha256:c8562eaf9d81c779cbfc318d6e01b8e6f86907f1d41233268a2ed83b2f34e748
Deleted: sha256:1b649b85960473808c6b812fc30c3f6a3ff1c0ffdcba5c9435daf01cf7d5373a
Deleted: sha256:19cc889447050c16c797fd209fa114ee219de23facb37c00d4137a4ed4aad922
Deleted: sha256:3c793c06a026d276cf56a6a6a75527026ed9eafa7a7d21a438f7d5ed2314148e
Deleted: sha256:1e1cd89a2bc183a7fea3dab0b543e9924278321ad0921c22cc088adbf3c2e77b
批量删除多个镜像
docker rmi -f $(docker images -q)
[root@VM-0-7-centos ~]# docker rmi -f $(docker images -q)
Untagged: mysql:5.7
Untagged: mysql@sha256:b3d1eff023f698cd433695c9506171f0d08a8f92a0c8063c1a4d9db9a55808df
Deleted: sha256:a70d36bc331a13d297f882d3d63137d24b804f29fa67158c40ad91d5050c39c5
Deleted: sha256:50c77bf7bcddd1f1d97789d80ac2404eec22c860c104e858620d2a2e321f0ef7
Deleted: sha256:14244329b83dfc8982398ee4104a548385652d2bffb957798ff86a419013efd6
Deleted: sha256:6d990477f90af28473eb601a9bca22253f6381e053c5a8edda0a4f027e124a3c
Deleted: sha256:ee0449796df204071589162fc16f8d65586312a40c68d1ba156c93c56f5e5ce8
Deleted: sha256:d08533f1e2acc40ad561a46fc6a76b54c739e6b24f077c183c5709e0a6885312
Deleted: sha256:4f9d91a4728e833d1062fb65a792f06e22e425f63824f260c8b5a64b776ddc38
Deleted: sha256:20bf4c759d1b0d0e6286d2145453af4e0e1b7ba3d4efa3b8bce46817ad4109de
Deleted: sha256:a9371bbdf16ac95cc72555c6ad42f79b9f03a82d964fe89d52bdc5f335a5f42a
Deleted: sha256:5b02130e449d94f51e8ff6e5f7d24802246198749ed9eb064631e63833cd8f1d
Deleted: sha256:ab74465b38bc1acb16c23091df32c5b7033ed55783386cb57acae8efff9f4b37
Deleted: sha256:cb42413394c4059335228c137fe884ff3ab8946a014014309676c25e3ac86864
Untagged: hello-world:latest
Untagged: hello-world@sha256:7e02330c713f93b1d3e4c5003350d0dbe215ca269dd1d84a4abc577908344b30
Deleted: sha256:bf756fb1ae65adf866bd8c456593cd24beb6a0a061dedf42b26a993176745f6b
容器命令(有了镜像才可以创建容器)
1.下载一个centos镜像
[root@VM-0-7-centos ~]#docker pull centos
Using default tag: latest
latest: Pulling from library/centos
7a0437f04f83: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:5528e8b1b1719d34604c87e11dcd1c0a20bedf46e83b5632cdeac91b8c04efc1
Status: Downloaded newer image for centos:latest
docker.io/library/centos:latest
2.启动容器 docker run [可选参数] image
-- name ="name" 容器名字
-d 后台运行
-it 使用交互方式运行，进入容器查看内容
-P 指定容器的端口 -P 8080:8080
-p ip: 主机端口:容器端口
-p 主机端口:容器端口
-p 容器端口
容器端口
-P 随机指定端口
启动并进入容器
[root@VM-0-7-centos ~]# docker run -it centos /bin/bash
[root@169c05c7372c /]# ls #centos 容器内部的centos 和外面的centos没有半毛钱关系
bin dev etc home lib lib64 lost+found media mnt opt proc root run sbin srv sys tmp usr var
从容器中退出来
[root@169c05c7372c /]# exit
exit
[root@VM-0-7-centos ~]#
列出所有的运行的容器
docker ps : 运行中的容器
docker ps -a：所有运行过的容器
docker ps -a -n=1:最近创建的一个容器
docker ps -aq:显示所有容器的编号
[root@VM-0-7-centos ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
[root@VM-0-7-centos ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
169c05c7372c centos "/bin/bash" 5 minutes ago Exited (0) 2 minutes ago relaxed_carver
baf536bd8e15 bf756fb1ae65 "/hello" 3 hours ago Exited (0) 3 hours ago lucid_benz
a404aca878bf bf756fb1ae65 "/hello" 3 hours ago Exited (0) 3 hours ago kind_shaw
[root@VM-0-7-centos ~]# docker ps -a -n=1
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
169c05c7372c centos "/bin/bash" 9 minutes ago Exited (0) 6 minutes ago relaxed_carver
[root@VM-0-7-centos ~]# docker ps -aq
169c05c7372c
baf536bd8e15
a404aca878bf
退出容器，但是不停止，快捷键ctrl+p+q
[root@VM-0-7-centos ~]# docker run -it centos /bin/bash
[root@13d050773f99 /]# [root@VM-0-7-centos ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
13d050773f99 centos "/bin/bash" 31 seconds ago Up 30 seconds infallible_pare
删除容器
删除指定容器docker rm 容器id
强制删除所有容器（正在运行中的容器）docker rm -f(docker ps -aq) 或者 docker ps -a -q |xargs docker rm
[root@VM-0-7-centos ~]# docker rm $(docker ps -aq)
baf536bd8e15
a404aca878bf
Error response from daemon: You cannot remove a running container 13d050773f99af87a4d9da1b89886513c035240086b4261a0962f351f323ba8e. Stop the container before attempting removal or force remove
[root@VM-0-7-centos ~]# docker rm -f $(docker ps -aq)
13d050773f99
[root@VM-0-7-centos ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
启动容器docker start 容器id
重启容器docker restart 容器id
停止当前正在运行的容器docker stop 容器id
杀掉容器docker kill 容器id
常用其他命令
后台启动 docker run -d 镜像名称
[root@VM-0-7-centos ~]# docker run -d centos
aad4829d30a7a21c1e1d53ecbcd3e1d1e8395c8a5a595e33c97f5df540080b2e
[root@VM-0-7-centos ~]#
[root@VM-0-7-centos ~]#
[root@VM-0-7-centos ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
坑：发现centos 停止了
因为docker后台运行，必须要有个前台进程。docker发现没有应用，就会自动停止。
比如nginx容器启动后，发现没有程序调用它，就会自己去停掉。
**查看日志命令 **
docker logs -f -t -- tail 10 容器id
写个脚本
"while true; do echo gaoyuzhuan;sleep 1;done"
[root@VM-0-7-centos ~]# docker run -d centos /bin/sh -c "while true;do echo gaoyuzhuan;sleep 1;done"
5de082324cb7c2cf98fc4d0d8306812a5b13f15a59ede7565fff345e373e4f1c
[root@VM-0-7-centos ~]#
[root@VM-0-7-centos ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
5de082324cb7 centos "/bin/sh -c 'while t…" 3 seconds ago Up 2 seconds wonderful_jemison
[root@VM-0-7-centos ~]#
[root@VM-0-7-centos ~]# docker logs -f -t --tail 10 5de082324cb7
2021-03-01T13:14:16.693375228Z gaoyuzhuan
2021-03-01T13:14:17.695121147Z gaoyuzhuan
2021-03-01T13:14:18.696859397Z gaoyuzhuan
2021-03-01T13:14:19.698626865Z gaoyuzhuan
2021-03-01T13:14:20.700335674Z gaoyuzhuan
2021-03-01T13:14:21.702034864Z gaoyuzhuan
2021-03-01T13:14:22.703827823Z gaoyuzhuan
2021-03-01T13:14:23.705511543Z gaoyuzhuan
2021-03-01T13:14:24.707365081Z gaoyuzhuan
2021-03-01T13:14:25.709214709Z gaoyuzhuan
2021-03-01T13:14:26.711023631Z gaoyuzhuan
2021-03-01T13:14:27.712798351Z gaoyuzhuan
2021-03-01T13:14:28.714570026Z gaoyuzhuan
2021-03-01T13:14:29.716307256Z gaoyuzhuan
2021-03-01T13:14:30.718082647Z gaoyuzhuan
2021-03-01T13:14:31.719854054Z gaoyuzhuan
2021-03-01T13:14:32.721545635Z gaoyuzhuan
2021-03-01T13:14:33.723303635Z gaoyuzhuan
2021-03-01T13:14:34.725383100Z gaoyuzhuan
2021-03-01T13:14:35.727013982Z gaoyuzhuan
2021-03-01T13:14:36.728837741Z gaoyuzhuan
2021-03-01T13:14:37.730568702Z gaoyuzhuan
2021-03-01T13:14:38.732369611Z gaoyuzhuan
2021-03-01T13:14:39.734132501Z gaoyuzhuan
2021-03-01T13:14:40.735849813Z gaoyuzhuan
2021-03-01T13:14:41.737580297Z gaoyuzhuan
2021-03-01T13:14:42.739316213Z gaoyuzhuan
2021-03-01T13:14:43.741190783Z gaoyuzhuan
查看容器进程命令docker top '容器id'
[root@VM-0-7-centos ~]# docker top a0ba8b297726
UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD
root 15724 15704 0 21:17 ? 00:00:00 /bin/sh -c while true;do echo gaoyuzhuan;sleep 1;done
root 15963 15724 0 21:18 ? 00:00:00 /usr/bin/coreutils --coreutils-prog-shebang=sleep /usr/bin/sleep 1
#测试
查看镜像的元数据docker inspect
[root@VM-0-7-centos ~]# docker inspect a0ba8b297726
[
{
"Id": "a0ba8b2977265d2f76392be0292e8d738771f151dbabe875a8775acb22b24c77",
"Created": "2021-03-01T13:17:47.676565988Z",
"Path": "/bin/sh",
"Args": [
"-c",
"while true;do echo gaoyuzhuan;sleep 1;done"
],
"State": {
"Status": "running",
"Running": true,
"Paused": false,
"Restarting": false,
"OOMKilled": false,
"Dead": false,
"Pid": 15724,
"ExitCode": 0,
"Error": "",
"StartedAt": "2021-03-01T13:17:48.017292473Z",
"FinishedAt": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z"
},
"Image": "sha256:300e315adb2f96afe5f0b2780b87f28ae95231fe3bdd1e16b9ba606307728f55",
"ResolvConfPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/a0ba8b2977265d2f76392be0292e8d738771f151dbabe875a8775acb22b24c77/resolv.conf",
"HostnamePath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/a0ba8b2977265d2f76392be0292e8d738771f151dbabe875a8775acb22b24c77/hostname",
"HostsPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/a0ba8b2977265d2f76392be0292e8d738771f151dbabe875a8775acb22b24c77/hosts",
"LogPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/a0ba8b2977265d2f76392be0292e8d738771f151dbabe875a8775acb22b24c77/a0ba8b2977265d2f76392be0292e8d738771f151dbabe875a8775acb22b24c77-json.log",
"Name": "/beautiful_euclid",
"RestartCount": 0,
"Driver": "overlay2",
"Platform": "linux",
"MountLabel": "",
"ProcessLabel": "",
"AppArmorProfile": "",
"ExecIDs": null,
"HostConfig": {
"Binds": null,
"ContainerIDFile": "",
"LogConfig": {
"Type": "json-file",
"Config": {}
},
"NetworkMode": "default",
"PortBindings": {},
"RestartPolicy": {
"Name": "no",
"MaximumRetryCount": 0
},
"AutoRemove": false,
"VolumeDriver": "",
"VolumesFrom": null,
"CapAdd": null,
"CapDrop": null,
"CgroupnsMode": "host",
"Dns": [],
"DnsOptions": [],
"DnsSearch": [],
"ExtraHosts": null,
"GroupAdd": null,
"IpcMode": "private",
"Cgroup": "",
"Links": null,
"OomScoreAdj": 0,
"PidMode": "",
"Privileged": false,
"PublishAllPorts": false,
"ReadonlyRootfs": false,
"SecurityOpt": null,
"UTSMode": "",
"UsernsMode": "",
"ShmSize": 67108864,
"Runtime": "runc",
"ConsoleSize": [
0,
0
],
"Isolation": "",
"CpuShares": 0,
"Memory": 0,
"NanoCpus": 0,
"CgroupParent": "",
"BlkioWeight": 0,
"BlkioWeightDevice": [],
"BlkioDeviceReadBps": null,
"BlkioDeviceWriteBps": null,
"BlkioDeviceReadIOps": null,
"BlkioDeviceWriteIOps": null,
"CpuPeriod": 0,
"CpuQuota": 0,
"CpuRealtimePeriod": 0,
"CpuRealtimeRuntime": 0,
"CpusetCpus": "",
"CpusetMems": "",
"Devices": [],
"DeviceCgroupRules": null,
"DeviceRequests": null,
"KernelMemory": 0,
"KernelMemoryTCP": 0,
"MemoryReservation": 0,
"MemorySwap": 0,
"MemorySwappiness": null,
"OomKillDisable": false,
"PidsLimit": null,
"Ulimits": null,
"CpuCount": 0,
"CpuPercent": 0,
"IOMaximumIOps": 0,
"IOMaximumBandwidth": 0,
"MaskedPaths": [
"/proc/asound",
"/proc/acpi",
"/proc/kcore",
"/proc/keys",
"/proc/latency_stats",
"/proc/timer_list",
"/proc/timer_stats",
"/proc/sched_debug",
"/proc/scsi",
"/sys/firmware"
],
"ReadonlyPaths": [
"/proc/bus",
"/proc/fs",
"/proc/irq",
"/proc/sys",
"/proc/sysrq-trigger"
]
},
"GraphDriver": {
"Data": {
"LowerDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/ab452be1e0f0dcced0542a97d13e3a8073e112bfa3590e30e043ee17a84fad01-init/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/eb08bfdbd8eac3212a17a630dc2152cfc14e09dd68417ecc7a1e14979e31e654/diff",
"MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/ab452be1e0f0dcced0542a97d13e3a8073e112bfa3590e30e043ee17a84fad01/merged",
"UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/ab452be1e0f0dcced0542a97d13e3a8073e112bfa3590e30e043ee17a84fad01/diff",
"WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/ab452be1e0f0dcced0542a97d13e3a8073e112bfa3590e30e043ee17a84fad01/work"
},
"Name": "overlay2"
},
"Mounts": [],
"Config": {
"Hostname": "a0ba8b297726",
"Domainname": "",
"User": "",
"AttachStdin": false,
"AttachStdout": false,
"AttachStderr": false,
"Tty": false,
"OpenStdin": false,
"StdinOnce": false,
"Env": [
"PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin"
],
"Cmd": [
"/bin/sh",
"-c",
"while true;do echo gaoyuzhuan;sleep 1;done"
],
"Image": "centos",
"Volumes": null,
"WorkingDir": "",
"Entrypoint": null,
"OnBuild": null,
"Labels": {
"org.label-schema.build-date": "20201204",
"org.label-schema.license": "GPLv2",
"org.label-schema.name": "CentOS Base Image",
"org.label-schema.schema-version": "1.0",
"org.label-schema.vendor": "CentOS"
}
},
"NetworkSettings": {
"Bridge": "",
"SandboxID": "8a86a69aca787e9e53f290f9ad7bd4c0cf93cada4cd186d802a01b6459913c76",
"HairpinMode": false,
"LinkLocalIPv6Address": "",
"LinkLocalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"Ports": {},
"SandboxKey": "/var/run/docker/netns/8a86a69aca78",
"SecondaryIPAddresses": null,
"SecondaryIPv6Addresses": null,
"EndpointID": "07a092a59fb0465320f69b0daea8d4843c63bf6b8b7f610fcdae104b71b4e81a",
"Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
"GlobalIPv6Address": "",
"GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
"IPPrefixLen": 16,
"IPv6Gateway": "",
"MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",
"Networks": {
"bridge": {
"IPAMConfig": null,
"Links": null,
"Aliases": null,
"NetworkID": "feed2c9c0ebb8dbecaf249beb44b252a381ffaea152315f39c66792a7951f3f3",
"EndpointID": "07a092a59fb0465320f69b0daea8d4843c63bf6b8b7f610fcdae104b71b4e81a",
"Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
"IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
"IPPrefixLen": 16,
"IPv6Gateway": "",
"GlobalIPv6Address": "",
"GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",
"DriverOpts": null
}
}
}
}
]
进入当前正在运行的容器
我么通常使用容器都是后台方式运行。需要进入容器修改一些配置
1.docker exec -it 容器id /bin/bash
[root@VM-0-7-centos ~]# docker exec -it a0ba8b297726 /bin/bash
[root@a0ba8b297726 /]#
[root@a0ba8b297726 /]#
[root@a0ba8b297726 /]#
[root@a0ba8b297726 /]# ls -la
total 56
drwxr-xr-x 1 root root 4096 Mar 1 13:17 .
drwxr-xr-x 1 root root 4096 Mar 1 13:17 ..
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 0 Mar 1 13:17 .dockerenv
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 7 Nov 3 15:22 bin -> usr/bin
drwxr-xr-x 5 root root 340 Mar 1 13:17 dev
drwxr-xr-x 1 root root 4096 Mar 1 13:17 etc
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Nov 3 15:22 home
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 7 Nov 3 15:22 lib -> usr/lib
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 Nov 3 15:22 lib64 -> usr/lib64
drwx------ 2 root root 4096 Dec 4 17:37 lost+found
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Nov 3 15:22 media
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Nov 3 15:22 mnt
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Nov 3 15:22 opt
dr-xr-xr-x 104 root root 0 Mar 1 13:17 proc
dr-xr-x--- 2 root root 4096 Dec 4 17:37 root
drwxr-xr-x 11 root root 4096 Dec 4 17:37 run
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 8 Nov 3 15:22 sbin -> usr/sbin
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Nov 3 15:22 srv
dr-xr-xr-x 13 root root 0 Mar 1 13:17 sys
drwxrwxrwt 7 root root 4096 Dec 4 17:37 tmp
drwxr-xr-x 12 root root 4096 Dec 4 17:37 usr
drwxr-xr-x 20 root root 4096 Dec 4 17:37 var
[root@a0ba8b297726 /]# ps -ef
UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD
root 1 0 0 13:17 ? 00:00:00 /bin/sh -c while true;do echo gaoyuzhuan;sleep 1;done
root 841 0 0 13:31 pts/0 00:00:00 /bin/bash
root 872 1 0 13:31 ? 00:00:00 /usr/bin/coreutils --coreutils-prog-shebang=sleep /usr/bin/sleep 1
root 873 841 0 13:31 pts/0 00:00:00 ps -ef
2.docker attach 容器id
[root@VM-0-7-centos ~]# docker attach a0ba8b297726
gaoyuzhuan
gaoyuzhuan
gaoyuzhuan
gaoyuzhuan
gaoyuzhuan
gaoyuzhuan
docker exec #开启一个新的终端，可以在里面操作(常用)
docker attach #进入容器正在执行的终端（不会启动新的进程）
docker 容器内烤文件到主机上docker cp 容器id:容器文件存储路径 /宿主机目标存放位置
docker cp 54c2059f1061:/home/test.java /home
安装nginx
首先下载镜像
[root@VM-0-7-centos ~]# docker pull nginx
Using default tag: latest
latest: Pulling from library/nginx
a076a628af6f: Pull complete
0732ab25fa22: Pull complete
d7f36f6fe38f: Pull complete
f72584a26f32: Pull complete
7125e4df9063: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:10b8cc432d56da8b61b070f4c7d2543a9ed17c2b23010b43af434fd40e2ca4aa
Status: Downloaded newer image for nginx:latest
docker.io/library/nginx:latest
运行镜像 docker run -d --name nginx01 -p 3344:80 nginx
3344：宿主机的端口 80：docker服务nginx容器的端口 nginx01:指定容器名称
[root@VM-0-7-centos ~]# docker run -d --name nginx01 -p 3344:80 nginx
a05e2199c8bbcf5b09a10e40e2fde49e8f6592c9c714c0f2a8703a6aa627ee56
[root@VM-0-7-centos ~]#
[root@VM-0-7-centos ~]#
[root@VM-0-7-centos ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
a05e2199c8bb nginx "/docker-entrypoint.…" 6 seconds ago Up 5 seconds 0.0.0.0:3344->80/tcp nginx01
本机自测可以访问：
[root@VM-0-7-centos ~]# curl localhost:3344
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Welcome to nginx!</title>
<style>
body {
width: 35em;
margin: 0 auto;
font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Welcome to nginx!</h1>
<p>If you see this page, the nginx web server is successfully installed and
working. Further configuration is required.</p>
<p>For online documentation and support please refer to
<a href="http://nginx.org/">nginx.org</a>.<br/>
Commercial support is available at
<a href="http://nginx.com/">nginx.com</a>.</p>
<p><em>Thank you for using nginx.</em></p>
</body>
</html>
这样通过3344端口就可以访问 nginx80端口了。
进入nginx容器内部，查看nginx.conf配置文件
[root@VM-0-7-centos ~]# docker exec -it nginx01 /bin/bash
root@a05e2199c8bb:/# whereis nginx
nginx: /usr/sbin/nginx /usr/lib/nginx /etc/nginx /usr/share/nginx
root@a05e2199c8bb:/#
root@a05e2199c8bb:/#
root@a05e2199c8bb:/#
root@a05e2199c8bb:/# cd /etc/nginx/
root@a05e2199c8bb:/etc/nginx#
root@a05e2199c8bb:/etc/nginx# ls
conf.d fastcgi_params koi-utf koi-win mime.types modules nginx.conf scgi_params uwsgi_params win-utf
root@a05e2199c8bb:/etc/nginx# cat nginx.conf
user nginx;
worker_processes 1;
error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log warn;
pid /var/run/nginx.pid;
events {
worker_connections 1024;
}
http {
include /etc/nginx/mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
'$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
'"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log main;
sendfile on;
#tcp_nopush on;
keepalive_timeout 65;
#gzip on;
include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;
}
停止nginx容器，访问不了。
[root@VM-0-7-centos ~]# docker stop a05e2199c8bb
a05e2199c8bb
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