【Netty系列】使用Netty搭建WebSocket服务器

秋装什么

已于 2022-12-19 05:37:53 修改

阅读量1.1k

点赞数

分类专栏： Netty 文章标签： websocket 服务器网络协议

于 2022-12-17 11:53:47 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_42985872/article/details/128352039

版权

Netty 专栏收录该内容

5 篇文章 0 订阅

订阅专栏

使用Netty搭建WebSocket服务器

引入netty的依赖

 <dependency>
            <groupId>io.netty</groupId>
            <artifactId>netty-all</artifactId>
            <version>4.1.75.Final</version>
        </dependency>

使用netty创建WebSocketServer

public class WebSocketServer {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
        //创建两个线程组
        EventLoopGroup bossGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup(1);
        EventLoopGroup workerGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup(); //8个NioEventLoop
        try {

            ServerBootstrap serverBootstrap = new ServerBootstrap();

            serverBootstrap.group(bossGroup, workerGroup);
            serverBootstrap.channel(NioServerSocketChannel.class);
            serverBootstrap.childHandler(new ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel>() {

                @Override
                protected void initChannel(SocketChannel ch) throws Exception {
                    ChannelPipeline pipeline = ch.pipeline();
                    //因为基于http协议，使用http的编码和解码器
                    pipeline.addLast(new HttpServerCodec());
                    //http是以块方式写，添加ChunkedWriteHandler处理器
                    pipeline.addLast(new ChunkedWriteHandler());
                    //http数据在传输过程中是分段, HttpObjectAggregator ，就是可以将多个段聚合 2. 这就就是为什么，当浏览器发送大量数据时，就会发出多次http请求
                    pipeline.addLast(new HttpObjectAggregator(8192));
                    pipeline.addLast(new WebSocketServerProtocolHandler("/hello"));

                    //自定义的handler ，处理业务逻辑
                    pipeline.addLast(new WebSocketFrameHandler());
                }
            });
            //启动服务器
            ChannelFuture channelFuture = serverBootstrap.bind(7000).sync();
            channelFuture.channel().closeFuture().sync();

        } finally {
            bossGroup.shutdownGracefully();
            workerGroup.shutdownGracefully();
        }
    }
}

创建WebSocket信息的接受处理器

//这里 TextWebSocketFrame 类型，表示一个文本帧(frame)
public class WebSocketFrameHandler extends SimpleChannelInboundHandler<TextWebSocketFrame> {
    @Override
    protected void channelRead0(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, TextWebSocketFrame msg) throws Exception {
        System.out.println("服务器收到消息 " + msg.text());
        //回复消息
        ctx.channel().writeAndFlush(new TextWebSocketFrame("服务器时间" + LocalDateTime.now() + " " + msg.text()));
    }

    //当web客户端连接后， 触发方法
    @Override
    public void handlerAdded(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception {
        //id 表示唯一的值，LongText 是唯一的 ShortText 不是唯一
        System.out.println("handlerAdded 被调用" + ctx.channel().id().asLongText());
    }

    @Override
    public void handlerRemoved(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception {
        System.out.println("handlerRemoved 被调用" + ctx.channel().id().asLongText());
    }

    @Override
    public void exceptionCaught(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Throwable cause) throws Exception {
        System.out.println("异常发生 " + cause.getMessage());
        ctx.close(); //关闭连接
    }
}

创建客户端发送WebSocket消息

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<script>
    var socket;
    //判断当前浏览器是否支持websocket
    if (window.WebSocket) {
        //go on
        socket = new WebSocket("ws://localhost:7000/hello");
        //相当于channelReado, ev 收到服务器端回送的消息
        socket.onmessage = function (ev) {
            var rt = document.getElementById("responseText");
            rt.value = rt.value + "\n" + ev.data;
        }

        //相当于连接开启(感知到连接开启)
        socket.onopen = function (ev) {
            var rt = document.getElementById("responseText");
            rt.value = "连接开启了.."
        }

        //相当于连接关闭(感知到连接关闭)
        socket.onclose = function (ev) {

            var rt = document.getElementById("responseText");
            rt.value = rt.value + "\n" + "连接关闭了.."
        }
    } else {
        alert("当前浏览器不支持websocket")
    }

    //发送消息到服务器
    function send(message) {
        if (!window.socket) { //先判断socket是否创建好
            return;
        }
        if (socket.readyState == WebSocket.OPEN) {
            //通过socket 发送消息
            socket.send(message)
        } else {
            alert("连接没有开启");
        }
    }
</script>
<form onsubmit="return false">
    <textarea name="message" style="height: 300px; width: 300px"></textarea>
    <input type="button" value="发送消息" onclick="send(this.form.message.value)">
    <textarea id="responseText" style="height: 300px; width: 300px"></textarea>
    <input type="button" value="清空内容" onclick="document.getElementById('responseText').value=''">
</form>
</body>
</html>

在这里插入图片描述

服务端发送消息

服务端根据WebSocketFrameHandler#channelRead0接受到消息，发送消息是执行ctx.channel().writeAndFlush(new TextWebSocketFrame("服务器时间" + LocalDateTime.now() + " " + msg.text()));。

    @Override
    protected void channelRead0(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, TextWebSocketFrame msg) throws Exception {
        System.out.println("服务器收到消息 " + msg.text());
        //回复消息
        ctx.channel().writeAndFlush(new TextWebSocketFrame("服务器时间" + LocalDateTime.now() + " " + msg.text()));
    }