【源码解析】SpringBoot自动装配的实现原理

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分类专栏：源码解析面试文章标签： spring boot spring java

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什么是SpringBoot的自动装配

SpringBoot在启动的时候会扫描外部jar包中的META-INF/spring.factories文件，将文件中配置的类信息按照条件装配到Spring容器中。
在这里插入图片描述

实现原理

核心注解@SpringBootApplication

@Target({ElementType.TYPE})
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
@Inherited
@SpringBootConfiguration
@EnableAutoConfiguration
@ComponentScan(
    excludeFilters = {@Filter(
    type = FilterType.CUSTOM,
    classes = {TypeExcludeFilter.class}
), @Filter(
    type = FilterType.CUSTOM,
    classes = {AutoConfigurationExcludeFilter.class}
)}
)
public @interface SpringBootApplication {

@Target指定注解的作用范围
@Retention指定注解的保留策略
@Documented该注解会被文档化
@Inherited父类的注解能够被子类继承
@SpringBootConfiguration把 @Configuration 注解做一个包装。
@ComponentScan指定扫描的策略
@EnableAutoConfiguration实现自动装配的核心注解

@EnableAutoConfiguration

@Target({ElementType.TYPE})
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
@Inherited
@AutoConfigurationPackage
@Import({AutoConfigurationImportSelector.class})
public @interface EnableAutoConfiguration {
    String ENABLED_OVERRIDE_PROPERTY = "spring.boot.enableautoconfiguration";

    Class<?>[] exclude() default {};

    String[] excludeName() default {};
}

AutoConfigurationImportSelector#selectImports，获取到配置的类集合。

    public String[] selectImports(AnnotationMetadata annotationMetadata) {
        if (!this.isEnabled(annotationMetadata)) {
            return NO_IMPORTS;
        } else {
            AutoConfigurationImportSelector.AutoConfigurationEntry autoConfigurationEntry = this.getAutoConfigurationEntry(annotationMetadata);
            return StringUtils.toStringArray(autoConfigurationEntry.getConfigurations());
        }
    }

AutoConfigurationImportSelector#getAutoConfigurationEntry，读取META-INF/spring.factories，获取配置类的集合，并进行合理的过滤。

protected AutoConfigurationImportSelector.AutoConfigurationEntry getAutoConfigurationEntry(AnnotationMetadata annotationMetadata) {
    if (!this.isEnabled(annotationMetadata)) {
        return EMPTY_ENTRY;
    } else {
        AnnotationAttributes attributes = this.getAttributes(annotationMetadata);
        List<String> configurations = this.getCandidateConfigurations(annotationMetadata, attributes);
        configurations = this.removeDuplicates(configurations);
        Set<String> exclusions = this.getExclusions(annotationMetadata, attributes);
        this.checkExcludedClasses(configurations, exclusions);
        configurations.removeAll(exclusions);
        configurations = this.getConfigurationClassFilter().filter(configurations);
        this.fireAutoConfigurationImportEvents(configurations, exclusions);
        return new AutoConfigurationImportSelector.AutoConfigurationEntry(configurations, exclusions);
    }
}

    protected List<String> getCandidateConfigurations(AnnotationMetadata metadata, AnnotationAttributes attributes) {
        List<String> configurations = SpringFactoriesLoader.loadFactoryNames(this.getSpringFactoriesLoaderFactoryClass(), this.getBeanClassLoader());
        Assert.notEmpty(configurations, "No auto configuration classes found in META-INF/spring.factories. If you are using a custom packaging, make sure that file is correct.");
        return configurations;
    }

Spring Boot 通过@EnableAutoConfiguration开启自动装配，通过 SpringFactoriesLoader 最终加载META-INF/spring.factories中的自动配置类实现自动装配，自动配置类其实就是通过@Conditional按需加载的配置类，想要其生效必须引入spring-boot-starter-xxx包实现起步依赖。