web架构之nginx反代+LAP负载均衡+mysql主从(一)

web架构之nginx反代+LAP负载均衡+mysql主从(一)

此架构需要五台Linux虚拟机，由于电脑性能有限，本次实验使用三台虚拟机，web和mysql共同部署，通过停止服务模拟服务器宕机。后期会增加继续优化，加入mysql主从自动切换、MHA高可用；Nginx高可用，nginx+Apache动静分离、rsync网站数据同步等等，持续更新中！

mysql-master：192.168.29.132          mysql-slave：192.168.29.131
Web1：192.168.29.132                     web2：192.168.29.131
Nginx：192.168.29.133

一、数据库服务器和web服务器一起安装，为了快速部署使用yum安装。

yum install -y mariadb mariadb-devel mariadb-server httpd httpd-devel php php-devel php-mysql

二、Mysql主从配置

Mysql-Master 和mysql-slave安装相同版本的mysql

• 132master端配置my.cnf 添加以下内容

      vim /etc/my.cnf 
    log-bin=mysql-bin-master  #启用二进制日志
    server-id=1   #本机数据库ID 标示
    binlog-do-db=wordpress   #可以被从服务器复制的库, 二进制需要同步的数据库名
    binlog-do-db=discuz   #可以被从服务器复制的库, 二进制需要同步的数据库名
    binlog-ignore-db=mysql  #不可以被从服务器复制的库
    在Master数据库服务器上设置权限，执行如下命令：
    grant  replication  slave  on *.* to  'tongbu'@'%'  identified by  '123.com';
    flush privileges;
    show master status;

• 131Slave 端配置my.cnf

vim /etc/my.cnf 添加以下内容
server-id=2   #本机数据库ID 标示，不能与master ID相同；

• 重载数据库，测试连接master：

mysql -utongbu -p123.com -h 192.168.29.132

进入数据库；

> grant replication slave on *.* to 'tongbu'@'%' identified by '123.com';
> flush privileges;
>stop slave;  #停止slave
>change master to master_host='192.168.29.132',master_user='tongbu',master_password='123.com',master_log_file='mysql-bin-master.000001',master_log_pos=697;
>start slave;   #开启slave
>show slave status\G   # 查看slave状态

• master创建web数据库并授权；

    >create database discuz charset=utf8;
    >create database wordpress charset=utf8;
    >grant all on wordpress.* to  'wordpress'@'%'  identified  by  '123.com';
    >grant all on discuz.* to  'discuz'@'%'  identified  by  '123.com';
    >flush privileges;

查看授权结果；

MariaDB [(none)]> select user,host,password from mysql.user;

• 131slave查看是否同步

三、配置web 服务

• 创建web目录，下载网站解压到对应目录。

    cd /var/www/html
    [root@localhost html]# mkdir discuz wordpress

• 配置Apache

echo "Include conf/vhosts.conf" >> /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf  

• 创建Apache虚拟主机配置文件vhosts.conf
  

 vim /etc/httpd/conf/vhosts.conf
<VirtualHost *:80>
    ServerAdmin 461699721@qq.com
    DocumentRoot  "/var/www/html/discuz"
    ServerName www.dz.com
    ErrorLog  "logs/www.dz.com_error_log"
    CustomLog "logs/www.dz.com_access_log" common
</VirtualHost>
<VirtualHost *:80>
    ServerAdmin 461699721@qq.com
    DocumentRoot  "/var/www/html/wordpress"
    ServerName www.wp.com
    ErrorLog  "logs/www.wp.com_error_log"
    CustomLog "logs/www.wp.com_access_log" common
</VirtualHost>

测试Apache配置是否正确

httpd -t

有提示ServerName

echo "ServerName localhost" >> /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf  

131配置Linux hosts文件，以域名方式访问数据库。Windows hosts以域名方式访问mysql master


192.168.129.132配置www.dz.com
授写入权限

[root@localhost discuz]# chmod o+w config/ data/ uc_* -R

Windows 浏览器访问www.dz.com


配置www.wp.com
网站目录授权：

chmod o+w /var/www/html/wordpress/ -R

Web2从web1复制网站目录和Apache配置文件
验证Apache配置是否正确

httpd -t 

• 192.168.29.131网站目录授权

    chmod o+w /var/www/html/* -R

192.168.29.131配置hosts文件，添加数据库域名，该服务器上的web需要连接mysql主库。

重启Apache mariadb

systemctl restart httpd mariadb

四、配置133nginx反代

源码安装nginx，安装脚本

#!/bin/bash
#2019年6月1日16:05:45
#this shell is install nginx
#by authors xbz
#http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.16.0.tar.gz
nginx_ver="1.16.0"
nginx_soft="nginx-${nginx_ver}.tar.gz"
nginx_url="http://nginx.org/download/${nginx_soft}"
nginx_prefix="/usr/local/nginx/"
nginx_yilai="gcc gcc-c++  expat-devel  openssl-devel pcre pcre-devel zlib-devel"
nginx_module="--user=www \
--group=www \
--prefix=$ninix_prefix \
--with-http_stub_status_module \
--wtih-http_ssl_module "
yum install -y $nginx_yilai
      useradd www
      cd /root && wget -c $nginx_url && tar -zxvf $nginx_soft && cd nginx-$nginx_ver ; ./configure --prefix=${nginx_prefix}
    if [ $? -eq 0 ];then
         make && make install
         cp $nginx_prefix/sbin/nginx  /etc/init.d/nginx
         chmod +x /etc/init.d/nginx
           echo -e "\033[32mThe nginx server install ok!\033[0m"
     else
           echo -e "\033[32mThe nginx server install failed!\033[0m"
     fi
           /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t

启动nginx

  /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx   回车

修改nginx配置文件 红色为需要添加的内容

vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf

改：

worker_processes  1;
events {
    worker_connections  1024;
}
http {
    include       mime.types;
    default_type  application/octet-stream;
    sendfile        on;
    keepalive_timeout  65;
    server {
        listen       80;
        server_name  localhost;
        location / {
            root   html;
            index  index.html index.htm;
        }
        error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
        location = /50x.html {
            root   html;
        }
    }
}

为：

worker_processes  1;
events {
worker_connections  1024;
}
http {
include       mime.types;
default_type  application/octet-stream;
sendfile        on;
keepalive_timeout  65;
Include xbz_web/*;
}

133创建nginx虚拟主机配置网站

  mkdir /usr/local/nginx/conf/xbz_web

配置www.wp.com

vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/xbz_web/www.dz.com
upstream web_wp {
       server 192.168.29.131:80  weight=1 max_fails=3 fail_timeout=30s;
       server 192.168.29.132:80  weight=1 max_fails=3 fail_timeout=30s;
}

server {
listen       80;
server_name  www.wp.com;
location / {
root   html;
index  index.html index.htm index.php;
proxy_set_header Host $host;
proxy_pass http://web_wp;
}
error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
location = /50x.html {
root   html;
}
}

配置www.dz.com

  vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/xbz_web/www.dz.com
    upstream web_dz {
           server 192.168.29.131:80 weight=1 max_fails=3 fail_timeout=30s;
           server 192.168.29.132:80 weight=1 max_fails=3 fail_timeout=30s;
    }
    server {
    listen       80;
    server_name  www.dz.com;
    location / {
    root   html;
    index  index.html index.htm index.php;
    proxy_set_header Host $host;
    proxy_pass http://web_dz;
    }
    error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
    location = /50x.html {
    root   html;
    }
    }

重载nginx，更改Windows hosts文件

   /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload

浏览器测试网站

测试web负载

分别停止web：192.168.29.131 和web：192.168.29.132
更新网站内容，切换web服务器测试数据是否同步。
网站若能正常访问数据同步，侧web架构OK!

下一篇博文：web架构之nginx反代负载均衡+LAP负载均衡+mysql主从（二）添加nginx高可用，引入VIP，通过脚本实现VIP无缝漂移；