tensorflow入门 数字手写体识别python实现

第一部分：训练模型

from tensorflow.examples.tutorials.mnist import input_data
mnist = input_data.read_data_sets('MNIST_data', one_hot=True)

import tensorflow as tf

sess = tf.InteractiveSession()

x = tf.placeholder(tf.float32, shape=[None, 784])      # placeholder( dtype, shape=None, name=None )
y_ = tf.placeholder(tf.float32, shape=[None, 10])
W = tf.Variable(tf.zeros([784,10]))        # tf.Variable(, name=, dtype=None, trainable=True)
b = tf.Variable(tf.zeros([10]))            # 创建一个值为initial-value的新变量
sess.run(tf.global_variables_initializer())

y = tf.matmul(x,W) + b        # tf.matmul()是专门矩阵或者tensor乘法

cross_entropy = tf.reduce_mean(
    tf.nn.softmax_cross_entropy_with_logits(labels=y_, logits=y))   # tf.reduce_mean()对所有的元素求平均

train_step = tf.train.GradientDescentOptimizer(0.1).minimize(cross_entropy)   # 梯度下降优化器，（0.1）学习率，最小化损失函数

for _ in range(5000):          #迭代 5000 次学习
  batch = mnist.train.next_batch(100)
  train_step.run(feed_dict={x: batch[0], y_: batch[1]})
correct_prediction = tf.equal(tf.argmax(y,1), tf.argmax(y_,1))  #tf.equal(A, B)是对比这两个矩阵或者向量的相等的元素，如果是相等的那就返回True，反正返回False

accuracy = tf.reduce_mean(tf.cast(correct_prediction, tf.float32))     # cast(x, dtype, name=None) 将x的数据格式转化成dtype

print(accuracy.eval(feed_dict={x: mnist.test.images, y_: mnist.test.labels}))

def weight_variable(shape):
  initial = tf.truncated_normal(shape, stddev=0.1)   # 截断的正态分布噪声，标准差为0.1（给W制造一些随机噪声打破完全对称）
  return tf.Variable(initial)

def bias_variable(shape):
  initial = tf.constant(0.1, shape=shape)    # 会使用到ReLU，增加一些小的正值（0.1）用来避免死亡节点
  return tf.Variable(initial)

def conv2d(x, W):
  return tf.nn.conv2d(x, W, strides=[1, 1, 1, 1],