Elasticsearch 软件是由 Java 语言开发的,所以也可以通过 Java API 的方式对 Elasticsearch服务进行访问
1 创建 Maven 项目
修改 pom 文件,增加 Maven 依赖关系
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.elasticsearch</groupId>
<artifactId>elasticsearch</artifactId>
<version>**7.8.0**</version>
</dependency>
<!-- elasticsearch 的客户端 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.elasticsearch.client</groupId>
<artifactId>elasticsearch-rest-high-level-client</artifactId>
<version>**7.8.0**</version>
</dependency>
<!-- elasticsearch 依赖 2.x 的 log4j -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.logging.log4j</groupId>
<artifactId>log4j-api</artifactId>
<version>2.8.2</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.logging.log4j</groupId>
<artifactId>log4j-core</artifactId>
<version>2.8.2</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
<artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId>
<version>2.9.9</version>
</dependency>
<!-- junit 单元测试 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>4.12</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
2 客户端对象
创建 com.atguigu.es.test.Elasticsearch01_Client 类,代码中创建 Elasticsearch 客户端对象
因为早期版本的客户端对象已经不再推荐使用,且在未来版本中会被删除,所以这里我们采
用高级 REST 客户端对象
// 创建客户端对象
RestHighLevelClient client = new RestHighLevelClient(
RestClient.builder(new HttpHost("localhost", 9200, "http"))
);
...
// 关闭客户端连接
client.close();
注意:9200 端口为 Elasticsearch 的 Web 通信端口,localhost 为启动 ES 服务的主机名
执行代码,查看控制台信息:
3 索引操作
ES 服务器正常启动后,可以通过 Java API 客户端对象对 ES 索引进行操作
1) 创建索引
// 创建索引 - 请求对象
CreateIndexRequest request = new CreateIndexRequest("user");
// 发送请求,获取响应
CreateIndexResponse response = client.indices().create(request,
RequestOptions.DEFAULT);
boolean acknowledged = response.isAcknowledged();
// 响应状态
System.out.println("操作状态 = " + acknowledged);
2) 查看索引
// 查询索引 - 请求对象
GetIndexRequest request = new GetIndexRequest("user");
// 发送请求,获取响应
GetIndexResponse response = client.indices().get(request,
RequestOptions.DEFAULT);
System.out.println("aliases:"+response.getAliases());
System.out.println("mappings:"+response.getMappings());
System.out.println("settings:"+response.getSettings());
操作结果:
3) 删除索引
// 删除索引 - 请求对象
DeleteIndexRequest request = new DeleteIndexRequest("user");
// 发送请求,获取响应
AcknowledgedResponse response = client.indices().delete(request,
RequestOptions.DEFAULT);
// 操作结果
System.out.println("操作结果 : " + response.isAcknowledged());
操作结果:
4 文档操作
1) 新增文档
创建数据模型
class User {
private String name;
private Integer age;
private String sex;
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name)
this.name = name;
}
public Integer getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(Integer age) {
this.age = age;
}
public String getSex() {
return sex;
}
public void setSex(String sex) {
this.sex = sex;
}
}
创建数据,添加到文档中
// 新增文档 - 请求对象
IndexRequest request = new IndexRequest();
// 设置索引及唯一性标识
request.index("user").id("1001");
// 创建数据对象
User user = new User();
user.setName("zhangsan");
user.setAge(30);
user.setSex("男");
ObjectMapper objectMapper = new ObjectMapper();
String productJson = objectMapper.writeValueAsString(user);
// 添加文档数据,数据格式为 JSON 格式
request.source(productJson,XContentType.JSON);
// 客户端发送请求,获取响应对象
IndexResponse response = client.index(request, RequestOptions.DEFAULT);
3.打印结果信息
System.out.println("_index:" + response.getIndex());
System.out.println("_id:" + response.getId());
System.out.println("_result:" + response.getResult());
操作结果:
2) 修改文档
// 修改文档 - 请求对象
UpdateRequest request = new UpdateRequest();
// 配置修改参数
request.index("user").id("1001");
// 设置请求体,对数据进行修改
request.doc(XContentType.JSON, "sex", "女");
// 客户端发送请求,获取响应对象
UpdateResponse response = client.update(request, RequestOptions.DEFAULT);
System.out.println("_index:" + response.getIndex());
System.out.println("_id:" + response.getId());
System.out.println("_result:" + response.getResult());
执行结果:[外链图片转存失败,源站可能有防盗链机制,建议将图片保存下来直接上传(img-CV058QGy-1633762640355)(/Users/wongly/Library/Application Support/typora-user-images/image-20211009105922937.png)]
3) 查询文档
//1.创建请求对象
GetRequest request = new GetRequest().index("user").id("1001");
//2.客户端发送请求,获取响应对象
GetResponse response = client.get(request, RequestOptions.DEFAULT);
3.打印结果信息
System.out.println("_index:" + response.getIndex());
System.out.println("_type:" + response.getType());
System.out.println("_id:" + response.getId());
System.out.println("source:" + response.getSourceAsString());
4) 删除文档
//创建请求对象
DeleteRequest request = new DeleteRequest().index("user").id("1");
//客户端发送请求,获取响应对象
DeleteResponse response = client.delete(request, RequestOptions.DEFAULT);
//打印信息
System.out.println(response.toString());
5) 批量操作
批量新增:
//创建批量新增请求对象
BulkRequest request = new BulkRequest();
request.add(new
IndexRequest().index("user").id("1001").source(XContentType.JSON, "name","zhangsan"));
request.add(new IndexRequest().index("user").id("1002").source(XContentType.JSON, "name","lisi"));
request.add(new IndexRequest().index("user").id("1003").source(XContentType.JSON, "name","wangwu"));
//客户端发送请求,获取响应对象
BulkResponse responses = client.bulk(request, RequestOptions.DEFAULT);
//打印结果信息
System.out.println("took:" + responses.getTook());
System.out.println("items:" + responses.getItems());
执行结果为:[外链图片转存失败,源站可能有防盗链机制,建议将图片保存下来直接上传(img-EGWVkKb8-1633762640358)(/Users/wongly/Library/Application Support/typora-user-images/image-20211009110300475.png)]
批量删除:
//创建批量删除请求对象
BulkRequest request = new BulkRequest();
request.add(new DeleteRequest().index("user").id("1001"));
request.add(new DeleteRequest().index("user").id("1002"));
request.add(new DeleteRequest().index("user").id("1003"));
//客户端发送请求,获取响应对象
BulkResponse responses = client.bulk(request, RequestOptions.DEFAULT);
//打印结果信息
System.out.println("took:" + responses.getTook());
System.out.println("items:" + responses.getItems());
5.高级查询
1) 请求体查询
查询所有索引数据
// 创建搜索请求对象
SearchRequest request = new SearchRequest();
request.indices("student");
// 构建查询的请求体
SearchSourceBuilder sourceBuilder = new SearchSourceBuilder();
// 查询所有数据
sourceBuilder.query(QueryBuilders.matchAllQuery());
request.source(sourceBuilder);
SearchResponse response = client.search(request, RequestOptions.DEFAULT);
// 查询匹配
SearchHits hits = response.getHits();
System.out.println("took:" + response.getTook());
System.out.println("timeout:" + response.isTimedOut());
System.out.println("total:" + hits.getTotalHits());
System.out.println("MaxScore:" + hits.getMaxScore());
System.out.println("hits========>>");
for (SearchHit hit : hits) {
//输出每条查询的结果信息
System.out.println(hit.getSourceAsString());
}
System.out.println("<<========");
term 查询,查询条件为关键字
// 创建搜索请求对象
SearchRequest request = new SearchRequest();
request.indices("student");
// 构建查询的请求体
SearchSourceBuilder sourceBuilder = new SearchSourceBuilder();
sourceBuilder.query(QueryBuilders.termQuery("age", "30"));
request.source(sourceBuilder);
SearchResponse response = client.search(request, RequestOptions.DEFAULT);
// 查询匹配
SearchHits hits = response.getHits();
System.out.println("took:" + response.getTook());
System.out.println("timeout:" + response.isTimedOut());
System.out.println("total:" + hits.getTotalHits());
System.out.println("MaxScore:" + hits.getMaxScore());
System.out.println("hits========>>");
for (SearchHit hit : hits) {
//输出每条查询的结果信息
System.out.println(hit.getSourceAsString());
}
System.out.println("<<========");
分页查询
// 创建搜索请求对象
SearchRequest request = new SearchRequest();
request.indices("student");
// 构建查询的请求体
SearchSourceBuilder sourceBuilder = new SearchSourceBuilder();
sourceBuilder.query(QueryBuilders.matchAllQuery());
// 分页查询
// 当前页其实索引(第一条数据的顺序号),from
sourceBuilder.from(0);
// 每页显示多少条 size
sourceBuilder.size(2);
request.source(sourceBuilder);
SearchResponse response = client.search(request, RequestOptions.DEFAULT);
// 查询匹配
SearchHits hits = response.getHits();
System.out.println("took:" + response.getTook());
System.out.println("timeout:" + response.isTimedOut());
System.out.println("total:" + hits.getTotalHits());
System.out.println("MaxScore:" + hits.getMaxScore());
System.out.println("hits========>>");
for (SearchHit hit : hits) {
//输出每条查询的结果信息
System.out.println(hit.getSourceAsString());
}
System.out.println("<<========");
数据排序
// 构建查询的请求体
SearchSourceBuilder sourceBuilder = new SearchSourceBuilder();
sourceBuilder.query(QueryBuilders.matchAllQuery());
// 排序
sourceBuilder.sort("age", SortOrder.ASC);
request.source(sourceBuilder);
SearchResponse response = client.search(request, RequestOptions.DEFAULT);
// 查询匹配
SearchHits hits = response.getHits();
System.out.println("took:" + response.getTook());
System.out.println("timeout:" + response.isTimedOut());
System.out.println("total:" + hits.getTotalHits());
System.out.println("MaxScore:" + hits.getMaxScore());
System.out.println("hits========>>");
for (SearchHit hit : hits) {
//输出每条查询的结果信息
System.out.println(hit.getSourceAsString());
}
System.out.println("<<========");
过滤字段
// 创建搜索请求对象
SearchRequest request = new SearchRequest();
request.indices("student");
// 构建查询的请求体
SearchSourceBuilder sourceBuilder = new SearchSourceBuilder();
sourceBuilder.query(QueryBuilders.matchAllQuery());
//查询字段过滤
String[] excludes = {};
String[] includes = {"name", "age"};
sourceBuilder.fetchSource(includes, excludes);
request.source(sourceBuilder);
SearchResponse response = client.search(request, RequestOptions.DEFAULT);
// 查询匹配
SearchHits hits = response.getHits();
System.out.println("took:" + response.getTook());
System.out.println("timeout:" + response.isTimedOut());
System.out.println("total:" + hits.getTotalHits());
System.out.println("MaxScore:" + hits.getMaxScore());
System.out.println("hits========>>");
for (SearchHit hit : hits) {
//输出每条查询的结果信息
System.out.println(hit.getSourceAsString());
}
System.out.println("<<========");
Bool 查询
// 创建搜索请求对象
SearchRequest request = new SearchRequest();
request.indices("student");
// 构建查询的请求体
SearchSourceBuilder sourceBuilder = new SearchSourceBuilder();
BoolQueryBuilder boolQueryBuilder = QueryBuilders.boolQuery();
// 必须包含
boolQueryBuilder.must(QueryBuilders.matchQuery("age", "30"));
// 一定不含
boolQueryBuilder.mustNot(QueryBuilders.matchQuery("name", "zhangsan"));
// 可能包含
boolQueryBuilder.should(QueryBuilders.matchQuery("sex", "男"));
sourceBuilder.query(boolQueryBuilder);
request.source(sourceBuilder);
SearchResponse response = client.search(request, RequestOptions.DEFAULT);
// 查询匹配
SearchHits hits = response.getHits();
System.out.println("took:" + response.getTook());
System.out.println("timeout:" + response.isTimedOut());
System.out.println("total:" + hits.getTotalHits());
System.out.println("MaxScore:" + hits.getMaxScore());
System.out.println("hits========>>");
for (SearchHit hit : hits) {
//输出每条查询的结果信息
System.out.println(hit.getSourceAsString());
}
System.out.println("<<========");
范围查询
// 创建搜索请求对象
SearchRequest request = new SearchRequest();
request.indices("student");
// 构建查询的请求体
SearchSourceBuilder sourceBuilder = new SearchSourceBuilder();
RangeQueryBuilder rangeQuery = QueryBuilders.rangeQuery("age");
// 大于等于
rangeQuery.gte("30");
// 小于等于
rangeQuery.lte("40");
sourceBuilder.query(rangeQuery);
request.source(sourceBuilder);
SearchResponse response = client.search(request, RequestOptions.DEFAULT);
// 查询匹配
SearchHits hits = response.getHits();
System.out.println("took:" + response.getTook());
System.out.println("timeout:" + response.isTimedOut());
System.out.println("total:" + hits.getTotalHits());
System.out.println("MaxScore:" + hits.getMaxScore());
System.out.println("hits========>>");
for (SearchHit hit : hits) {
//输出每条查询的结果信息
System.out.println(hit.getSourceAsString());
}
System.out.println("<<========");
模糊查询
// 创建搜索请求对象
SearchRequest request = new SearchRequest();
request.indices("student");
// 构建查询的请求体
SearchSourceBuilder sourceBuilder = new SearchSourceBuilder();
sourceBuilder.query(QueryBuilders.fuzzyQuery("name","zhangsan").fuzziness(Fu
zziness.ONE));
request.source(sourceBuilder);
SearchResponse response = client.search(request, RequestOptions.DEFAULT);
// 查询匹配
SearchHits hits = response.getHits();
System.out.println("took:" + response.getTook());
System.out.println("timeout:" + response.isTimedOut());
System.out.println("total:" + hits.getTotalHits());
System.out.println("MaxScore:" + hits.getMaxScore());
System.out.println("hits========>>");
for (SearchHit hit : hits) {
//输出每条查询的结果信息
System.out.println(hit.getSourceAsString());
}
System.out.println("<<========");
2) 高亮查询
// 高亮查询
SearchRequest request = new SearchRequest().indices("student");
//2.创建查询请求体构建器
SearchSourceBuilder sourceBuilder = new SearchSourceBuilder();
//构建查询方式:高亮查询
TermsQueryBuilder termsQueryBuilder =
QueryBuilders.termsQuery("name","zhangsan");
//设置查询方式
sourceBuilder.query(termsQueryBuilder);
//构建高亮字段
HighlightBuilder highlightBuilder = new HighlightBuilder();
highlightBuilder.preTags("<font color='red'>");//设置标签前缀
highlightBuilder.postTags("</font>");//设置标签后缀
highlightBuilder.field("name");//设置高亮字段
//设置高亮构建对象
sourceBuilder.highlighter(highlightBuilder);
//设置请求体
request.source(sourceBuilder);
//3.客户端发送请求,获取响应对象
SearchResponse response = client.search(request, RequestOptions.DEFAULT);
//4.打印响应结果
SearchHits hits = response.getHits();
System.out.println("took::"+response.getTook());
System.out.println("time_out::"+response.isTimedOut());
System.out.println("total::"+hits.getTotalHits());
System.out.println("max_score::"+hits.getMaxScore());
System.out.println("hits::::>>");
for (SearchHit hit : hits) {
String sourceAsString = hit.getSourceAsString();
System.out.println(sourceAsString);
//打印高亮结果
Map<String, HighlightField> highlightFields = hit.getHighlightFields();
System.out.println(highlightFields);
}
System.out.println("<<::::");
3) 聚合查询
最大年龄
// 高亮查询
SearchRequest request = new SearchRequest().indices("student");
SearchSourceBuilder sourceBuilder = new SearchSourceBuilder();
sourceBuilder.aggregation(AggregationBuilders.max("maxAge").field("age"));
//设置请求体
request.source(sourceBuilder);
//3.客户端发送请求,获取响应对象
SearchResponse response = client.search(request, RequestOptions.DEFAULT);
//4.打印响应结果
SearchHits hits = response.getHits();
System.out.println(response);
分组统计
// 高亮查询
SearchRequest request = new SearchRequest().indices("student");
SearchSourceBuilder sourceBuilder = new SearchSourceBuilder();
sourceBuilder.aggregation(AggregationBuilders.terms("age_groupby").field("ag
e"));
//设置请求体
request.source(sourceBuilder);
//3.客户端发送请求,获取响应对象
SearchResponse response = client.search(request, RequestOptions.DEFAULT);
//4.打印响应结果
SearchHits hits = response.getHits();
System.out.println(response);