Oracle基础：4: sql执行错误时的控制方式

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多条sql执行时如果在中间的语句出现错误，后续会不会直接执行，如何进行设定，以及其他数据库诸如Mysql是如何对应的，这篇文章将会进行简单的整理和说明。

环境准备

使用Oracle的精简版创建docker方式的demo环境，详细可参看：

• https://blog.csdn.net/liumiaocn/article/details/82733272

多行语句的正常执行

对上篇文章创建的两个字段的学生信息表，正常添加三条数据，详细如下：

# sqlplus system/liumiao123@XE <<EOF
> desc student
> select * from student;
> insert into student values (1001, 'liumiaocn');
> insert into student values (1002, 'liumiao');
> insert into student values (1003, 'michael');
> commit;
> select * from student;
> EOF

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.2.0 Production on Sun Oct 21 12:08:35 2018

Copyright © 1982, 2011, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Express Edition Release 11.2.0.2.0 - 64bit Production

SQL> Name Null? Type

---

STUID NOT NULL NUMBER(4)
STUNAME VARCHAR2(50)

SQL>
no rows selected

SQL>
1 row created.

SQL>
1 row created.

SQL>
1 row created.

SQL>
Commit complete.

SQL>
STUID STUNAME

---

  1001 liumiaocn
  1002 liumiao
  1003 michael

SQL> Disconnected from Oracle Database 11g Express Edition Release 11.2.0.2.0 - 64bit Production

多行语句中间出错时的缺省动作

问题：
三行insert语句，如果中间的一行出错，缺省的状况下第三行会不会被插入进去？

我们将第二条insert语句的主键故意设定重复，然后进行确认第三条数据是否会进行插入即可。

# sqlplus system/liumiao123@XE <<EOF
desc student
delete from student;
select * from student;
insert into student values (1001, 'liumiaocn');
insert into student values (1001, 'liumiao');
insert into student values (1003, 'michael');
select * from student;
commit;> > > > >       
> EOF

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.2.0 Production on Sun Oct 21 12:15:16 2018

Copyright © 1982, 2011, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Express Edition Release 11.2.0.2.0 - 64bit Production

SQL> Name Null? Type

---

STUID NOT NULL NUMBER(4)
STUNAME VARCHAR2(50)

SQL>
2 rows deleted.

SQL>
no rows selected

SQL>
1 row created.

SQL> insert into student values (1001, ‘liumiao’)
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00001: unique constraint (SYSTEM.SYS_C007024) violated

SQL>
1 row created.

SQL>
STUID STUNAME

---

  1001 liumiaocn
  1003 michael

SQL> SQL> Disconnected from Oracle Database 11g Express Edition Release 11.2.0.2.0 - 64bit Production

结果非常清晰地表明是会继续执行的，在oracle中通过什么来对其进行控制呢？

WHENEVER SQLERROR

答案很简单，在oracle中通过WHENEVER SQLERROR来进行控制。

WHENEVER SQLERROR {EXIT [SUCCESS | FAILURE | WARNING | n | variable | :BindVariable] [COMMIT | ROLLBACK] | CONTINUE [COMMIT | ROLLBACK | NONE]}

WHENEVER SQLERROR EXIT

添加此行设定，即会在失败的时候立即推出，接下来我们进行确认：

# sqlplus system/liumiao123@XE <<EOF
WHENEVER SQLERROR EXIT
desc student
delete from student;
select * from student;
insert into student values (1001, 'liumiaocn');
insert into student values (1001, 'liumiao');
insert into student values (1003, 'michael');
select * from student;
commit;> > > > > > > > > 
> EOF

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.2.0 Production on Sun Oct 21 12:27:15 2018

Copyright © 1982, 2011, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Express Edition Release 11.2.0.2.0 - 64bit Production

SQL> SQL> Name Null? Type

---

STUID NOT NULL NUMBER(4)
STUNAME VARCHAR2(50)

SQL>
2 rows deleted.

SQL>
no rows selected

SQL>
1 row created.

SQL> insert into student values (1001, ‘liumiao’)
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00001: unique constraint (SYSTEM.SYS_C007024) violated

Disconnected from Oracle Database 11g Express Edition Release 11.2.0.2.0 - 64bit Production

WHENEVER SQLERROR CONTINUE

使用CONTINUE则和缺省方式下的行为一致，出错仍然继续执行

# sqlplus system/liumiao123@XE <<EOF
WHENEVER SQLERROR CONTINUE
desc student
delete from student;
select * from student;
insert into student values (1001, 'liumiaocn');
insert into student values (1001, 'liumiao');
insert into student values (1003, 'michael');
select * from student;
commit;> > > > > > > > > 
> EOF

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.2.0 Production on Sun Oct 21 12:31:54 2018

Copyright © 1982, 2011, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Express Edition Release 11.2.0.2.0 - 64bit Production

SQL> SQL> Name Null? Type

---

STUID NOT NULL NUMBER(4)
STUNAME VARCHAR2(50)

SQL>
1 row deleted.

SQL>
no rows selected

SQL>
1 row created.

SQL> insert into student values (1001, ‘liumiao’)
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00001: unique constraint (SYSTEM.SYS_C007024) violated

SQL>
1 row created.

SQL>
STUID STUNAME

---

  1001 liumiaocn
  1003 michael

SQL>
Commit complete.

SQL> Disconnected from Oracle Database 11g Express Edition Release 11.2.0.2.0 - 64bit Production

Mysql中类似的机制

在2014年7月，mysql中使用source是否提供相关的类似机制的问题中，最终引入了Oracle此项功能在mysql中引入的建议，详细请参看：

• https://bugs.mysql.com/bug.php?id=73177

所以目前这只是一个sqlplus端的强化功能，并非标准，不同数据库需要确认相应的功能是否存在。

总结

Oracle中使用WHENEVER SQLERROR进行出错控制是否继续，本文给出的例子非常简单，详细功能的使用可根据文中列出的Usage进行自行验证和探索。

参考内容

https://docs.oracle.com/cd/E25178_01/server.1111/e16638/advisor.htm
https://docs.oracle.com/cd/B19306_01/server.102/b14357/ch12052.htm

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