Python 列表

列表操作基本方法

a = ['a', 'b', 'c']
a.remove('a')
a.pop() # 删除最后一个元素并返回

列表相减

• [ _ for _ in a if _ not in b]
• list(set(a)-set(b))

列表对应元素相加减

import numpy as np
tqq=np.array([2,3,7,0,1,0])
rqq=np.array([1,2,3,4,5,6])
bb=tqq+rqq
print(list(bb))
[3, 5, 10, 4, 6, 6]

列表排序

li = [{"day":2},{"day":1},{"day":3}]
newlist = sorted(li, key=lambda k: k['day'])

sorted(iterable，cmp，key，reverse)

参数：iterable可以是list或者iterator；
cmp是带两个参数的比较函数；
key 是带一个参数的函数；
reverse为False或者True；

>>> list1 = [('david', 90), ('mary',90), ('sara',80),('lily',95)]
>>> sorted(list1,cmp = lambda x,y: cmp(x[0],y[0]))
[('david', 90), ('lily', 95), ('mary', 90), ('sara', 80)]
>>> sorted(list1,cmp = lambda x,y: cmp(x[1],y[1]))
[('sara', 80), ('david', 90), ('mary', 90), ('lily', 95)]

>>> list1 = [('david', 90), ('mary',90), ('sara',80),('lily',95)]
>>> sorted(list1,key = lambda list1: list1[0])
[('david', 90), ('lily', 95), ('mary', 90), ('sara', 80)]
>>> sorted(list1,key = lambda list1: list1[1])
[('sara', 80), ('david', 90), ('mary', 90), ('lily', 95)]

>>> sorted(list1,reverse = True)
[('sara', 80), ('mary', 90), ('lily', 95), ('david', 90)]

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使用itemgetter方法

>>> from operator import itemgetter
>>> sorted(list1, key=itemgetter(1))
[('sara', 80), ('david', 90), ('mary', 90), ('lily', 95)]
>>> sorted(list1, key=itemgetter(0))
[('david', 90), ('lily', 95), ('mary', 90), ('sara', 80)]

多级排序

>>> sorted(list1, key=itemgetter(0,1))
[('david', 90), ('lily', 95), ('mary', 90), ('sara', 80)]

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lambda表达式

g = lambda x:x+1
g(1) = 2

可以这样认为,lambda作为一个表达式，定义了一个匿名函数，上例的代码x为入口参数，x+1为函数体，用函数来表示为：

def g(x):
	return x+1

几个定义好的全局函数:

>>>foo = [2, 18, 9, 22, 17, 24, 8, 12, 27]
>>>
>>> print filter(lambda x: x % 3 == 0, foo)
[18, 9, 24, 12, 27]
>>>
>>> print map(lambda x: x * 2 + 10, foo)
[14, 46, 28, 54, 44, 58, 26, 34, 64]
>>>
>>> print reduce(lambda x, y: x + y, foo)
139

上面map的例子，可以写成： [x * 2 + 10 for x in foo]

filter的例子可以写成: [x for x in foo if x % 3 == 0]