特殊人物人脸识别抓拍报警系统

概念框架

环境配置

data_preparaation.py(作用：摄像头抓拍与保存人脸)

import cv2
def CatchPICFromVideo(catch_num, path_name):
    face_cascade = cv2.CascadeClassifier('E:/anaconda/Anaconda3/pkgs/libopencv-3.4.2-h20b85fd_0/Library/etc/haarcascades/haarcascade_frontalface_alt2.xml')  
    camera = cv2.VideoCapture(0)
    num = 0
    while True:
        ret, frame = camera.read()
        gray = cv2.cvtColor(frame, cv2.COLOR_BGR2GRAY)
        faces = face_cascade.detectMultiScale(gray, 1.1, 5)
        for (x, y, w, h) in faces:
            img_name = f'{path_name}/{str(num)}.jpg'
            image = frame[y:y + h, x:x + w]
            print(img_name)
            cv2.imwrite(img_name, image)
            num += 1
            if num > catch_num:
                break
                
            # 画出矩形框圈出人脸
            cv2.rectangle(frame, (x, y), (x + w, y + h), (255, 0, 0), 2)
            # 显示捕捉了多少张人脸
            font = cv2.FONT_HERSHEY_SIMPLEX
            cv2.putText(frame, f'num:{str(num)}', (x + 30, y + 30), font, 1, (255, 0, 255), 4)
        if num > catch_num:
            break
        # 显示图像
        cv2.imshow('camera', frame)
        if cv2.waitKey(1) & 0xFF == ord('q'):
            break
    camera.release()
    cv2.destroyAllWindows()

if __name__ == '__main__':
CatchPICFromVideo(100, './data/criminal')

photo_face.py(作用：从图片上截取与保存有效人脸)

import os
import cv2
import time
import shutil

def getAllPath(dirpath, *suffix):
    PathArray = []
    for r, ds, fs in os.walk(dirpath):
        for fn in fs:
            if os.path.splitext(fn)[1] in suffix:
                fname = os.path.join(r, fn)
                PathArray.append(fname)
    return PathArray

def readPicSaveFace_1(sourcePath, targetPath, invalidPath, *suffix):
    try:
        ImagePaths = getAllPath(sourcePath, *suffix)

        # 对list中图片逐一进行检查,找出其中的人脸然后写到目标文件夹下
        count = 1
        # haarcascade_frontalface_alt.xml为库训练好的分类器文件，下载opencv，安装目录中可找到
        face_cascade = cv2.CascadeClassifier('E:/anaconda/Anaconda3/pkgs/libopencv-3.4.2-h20b85fd_0/Library/etc/haarcascades/haarcascade_frontalface_alt.xml')
        for imagePath in ImagePaths:
            try:
                img = cv2.imread(imagePath)

                if type(img) != str:
                    faces = face_cascade.detectMultiScale(img, 1.1, 5)
                    if len(faces):
                        for (x, y, w, h) in faces:
                            # 设置人脸宽度大于16像素，去除较小的人脸
                            if w >= 16 and h >= 16:
                                # 以时间戳和读取的排序作为文件名称
                                listStr = [str(int(time.time())), str(count)]
                                fileName = ''.join(listStr)
                                # 扩大图片，可根据坐标调整
                                X = int(x)
                                W = min(int(x + w), img.shape[1])
                                Y = int(y)
                                H = min(int(y + h), img.shape[0])

                                f = cv2.resize(img[Y:H, X:W], (W - X, H - Y))
                                cv2.imwrite(targetPath + os.sep + '%s.jpg' % fileName, f)
                                count += 1
                                print(imagePath + "have face")
                    else:
                         shutil.move(imagePath, invalidPath)
            except:
                continue
    except IOError:
        print("Error")
    else:
        print('Find ' + str(count - 1) + ' faces to Destination ' + targetPath)

if __name__ == '__main__':
    invalidPath = r'C:\Users\ASUS\Desktop\data\invalid'
    sourcePath = r'C:\Users\ASUS\Desktop\data\web'
    targetPath1 = r'C:\Users\ASUS\Desktop\data\new'
readPicSaveFace_1(sourcePath, targetPath1, invalidPath, '.jpg', '.JPG', 'png', 'PNG')

face_dataset.py(作用：样本预处理)

import os
import numpy as np
import cv2

# 定义图片尺寸
IMAGE_SIZE = 64
# 按照定义图像大小进行尺度调整
def resize_image(image, height=IMAGE_SIZE, width=IMAGE_SIZE):
    top, bottom, left, right = 0, 0, 0, 0
    # 获取图像尺寸
    h, w, _ = image.shape
    # 找到图片最长的一边
    longest_edge = max(h, w)
    # 计算短边需要填充多少使其与长边等长
    if h < longest_edge:
        d = longest_edge - h
        top = d // 2
        bottom = d // 2
    elif w < longest_edge:
        d = longest_edge - w
        left = d // 2
        right = d // 2
    else:
        pass

    # 设置填充颜色
    BLACK = [0, 0, 0]
    # 对原始图片进行填充操作
    constant = cv2.copyMakeBorder(image, top, bottom, left, right, cv2.BORDER_CONSTANT, value=BLACK)
    # 调整图像大小并返回
    return cv2.resize(constant, (height, width))

images, labels = list(), list()

# 读取训练数据
def read_path(path_name):
    for dir_item in os.listdir(path_name):
        # 合并成可识别的操作路径
        full_path = os.path.abspath(os.path.join(path_name, dir_item))
        # 如果是文件夹，则继续递归调用
        if os.path.isdir(full_path):
            read_path(full_path)
        else:
            if dir_item.endswith('.jpg'):
                image = cv2.imread(full_path)
                image = resize_image(image, IMAGE_SIZE, IMAGE_SIZE)
                images.append(image)
                labels.append(path_name)
    return images, labels

# 从指定路径读取训练数据
def load_dataset(path_name):
    images, labels = read_path(path_name)
    # 由于图片是基于矩阵计算的， 将其转为矩阵
    images = np.array(images)
    print(images.shape)
    labels = np.array([1 if label.endswith('criminal') else 0 for label in labels])
    print(labels)
    return images, labels

if __name__ == '__main__':
    images, labels = load_dataset(os.getcwd()+ '/data')
print('load over')

face_train.py(利用Keras搭建卷积神经网络)

import random
from sklearn.model_selection import train_test_split
from keras.preprocessing.image import ImageDataGenerator
from keras.models import Sequential
from keras.layers import Dense, Activation, Flatten, Dropout
from keras.layers import Conv2D, MaxPool2D
from keras.optimizers import SGD
from keras.utils import np_utils
from keras.models import load_model
from keras import backend as K
from face_dataset import load_dataset, resize_image, IMAGE_SIZE
import warnings
warnings.filterwarnings('ignore')

class Dataset:
    def __init__(self, path_name):
        # 训练集
        self.train_images = None
        self.train_labels = None
        # 验证集
        self.valid_images = None
        self.valid_labels = None
        # 数据加载路径
        self.path_name = path_name
        # 当前库采用的维度顺序
        self.input_shape = None

    def load(self, img_rows=IMAGE_SIZE, img_cols=IMAGE_SIZE, img_channels=3, nb_classes=2):
        # 加载数据集至内存
        images, labels = load_dataset(self.path_name)
        train_images, valid_images, train_labels,valid_labels = train_test_split(images, labels, test_size=0.3,
                                                                                random_state=random.randint(0, 10))
        train_images = train_images.reshape(train_images.shape[0], img_rows, img_cols, img_channels)
        valid_images = valid_images.reshape(valid_images.shape[0], img_rows, img_cols, img_channels)
        self.input_shape = (img_rows, img_cols, img_channels)

         # 输出训练集、测试集的数量
        print(train_images.shape[0], 'train samples')
        print(valid_images.shape[0], 'valid samples')
        # 我们的模型使用categorical_crossentropy作为损失函数，因此需要根据类别数量nb_classes将
        # 类别标签进行one-hot编码使其向量化，在这里我们的类别只有两种，经过转化后标签数据变为二维
        train_labels = np_utils.to_categorical(train_labels, nb_classes)
        valid_labels = np_utils.to_categorical(valid_labels, nb_classes)
        # 像素数据浮点化以便归一化
        train_images = train_images.astype('float32')
        valid_images = valid_images.astype('float32')
        # 将其归一化,图像的各像素值归一化到0~1区间
        train_images /= 255.0
        valid_images /= 255.0
        self.train_images = train_images
        self.valid_images = valid_images
        self.train_labels = train_labels
        self.valid_labels = valid_labels

# CNN网络模型类
class Model:
    def __init__(self):
        self.model = None

    # 建立模型
    def build_model(self, dataset, nb_classes=2):
        # 构建一个空的网络模型，它是一个线性堆叠模型，各神经网络层会被顺序添加，专业名称为序贯模型或线性堆叠模型
        self.model = Sequential()

        # 以下代码将顺序添加CNN网络需要的各层，一个add就是一个网络层
        self.model.add(Conv2D(32, 3, 3, border_mode='same',input_shape=dataset.input_shape))  # 1 2维卷积层
        self.model.add(Activation('relu'))  # 2 激活函数层

        self.model.add(Conv2D(32, 3, 3))  # 3 2维卷积层
        self.model.add(Activation('relu'))  # 4 激活函数层

        self.model.add(MaxPool2D(pool_size=(2, 2)))  # 5 池化层
        self.model.add(Dropout(0.25))  # 6 Dropout层

        self.model.add(Conv2D(64, 3, 3, border_mode='same'))  # 7  2维卷积层
        self.model.add(Activation('relu'))  # 8  激活函数层

        self.model.add(Conv2D(64, 3, 3))  # 9  2维卷积层
        self.model.add(Activation('relu'))  # 10 激活函数层

        self.model.add(MaxPool2D(pool_size=(2, 2)))  # 11 池化层
        self.model.add(Dropout(0.25))  # 12 Dropout层

        self.model.add(Flatten())  # 13 Flatten层
        self.model.add(Dense(512))  # 14 Dense层,又被称作全连接层
        self.model.add(Activation('relu'))  # 15 激活函数层
        self.model.add(Dropout(0.5))  # 16 Dropout层
        self.model.add(Dense(nb_classes))  # 17 Dense层
        self.model.add(Activation('softmax'))  # 18 分类层，输出最终结果

        # 输出模型概况
        self.model.summary()

    # 训练模型
    def train(self, dataset, batch_size=20, nb_epoch=20, data_augmentation=True):
        sgd = SGD(lr=0.01, decay=1e-6,
                  momentum=0.9, nesterov=True)  # 采用SGD+momentum的优化器进行训练，首先生成一个优化器对象
        self.model.compile(loss='categorical_crossentropy',
                           optimizer=sgd,
                           metrics=['accuracy'])  # 完成实际的模型配置工作

        # 不使用数据提升，所谓的提升就是从我们提供的训练数据中利用旋转、翻转、加噪声等方法创造新的
        # 训练数据，有意识的提升训练数据规模，增加模型训练量
        if  not data_augmentation:
            self.model.fit(dataset.train_images,
                           dataset.train_labels,
                           batch_size=batch_size,
                           nb_epoch=nb_epoch,
                           validation_data=(dataset.valid_images, dataset.valid_labels),
                           shuffle=True)
        # 使用实时数据提升
        else:
            # 定义数据生成器用于数据提升，其返回一个生成器对象datagen，datagen每被调用一
            # 次其生成一组数据（顺序生成），节省内存，其实就是python的数据生成器
            datagen = ImageDataGenerator(
                featurewise_center=False,  # 是否使输入数据去中心化（均值为0），
                samplewise_center=False,  # 是否使输入数据的每个样本均值为0
                featurewise_std_normalization=False,  # 是否数据标准化（输入数据除以数据集的标准差）
                samplewise_std_normalization=False,  # 是否将每个样本数据除以自身的标准差
                zca_whitening=False,  # 是否对输入数据施以ZCA白化
                rotation_range=20,  # 数据提升时图片随机转动的角度(范围为0～180)
                width_shift_range=0.2,  # 数据提升时图片水平偏移的幅度（单位为图片宽度的占比，0~1之间的浮点数）
                height_shift_range=0.2,  # 同上，只不过这里是垂直
                horizontal_flip=True,  # 是否进行随机水平翻转
                vertical_flip=False)  # 是否进行随机垂直翻转

            # 计算整个训练样本集的数量以用于特征值归一化、ZCA白化等处理
            datagen.fit(dataset.train_images)

            # 利用生成器开始训练模型
            self.model.fit_generator(datagen.flow(dataset.train_images, dataset.train_labels,
                                                  batch_size=batch_size),
                                     samples_per_epoch=dataset.train_images.shape[0],
                                     nb_epoch=nb_epoch,
                                     validation_data=(dataset.valid_images, dataset.valid_labels))

    MODEL_PATH = './face.model.h5'

    def save_model(self, file_path=MODEL_PATH):
        self.model.save(file_path)

    def load_model(self, file_path=MODEL_PATH):
        self.model = load_model(file_path)

    def evaluate(self, dataset):
        score = self.model.evaluate(dataset.valid_images, dataset.valid_labels, verbose=1)
        # print("%s: %.2f%%" % (self.model.metrics_names[1], score[1] * 100))
        print(self.model.metrics_names[1],':',score[1] * 100)

    # 识别人脸
    def face_predict(self, image):
        image = image.reshape((1,IMAGE_SIZE , IMAGE_SIZE, 3))

        # 浮点并归一化
        image = image.astype('float32')
        image /= 255.0

        # 给出输入属于各个类别的概率，我们是二值类别，则该函数会给出输入图像属于0和1的概率各为多少
        result = self.model.predict_proba(image)
        print('result:', result)

        # 给出类别预测：0或者1
        result = self.model.predict_classes(image)

        # 返回类别预测结果
        return result[0]


if __name__ == '__main__':
    dataset = Dataset('./data/')
    dataset.load()
    #训练模型
    model = Model()
    model.build_model(dataset)
    model.train(dataset)
    model.save_model(file_path='./data/me.face.model.h5')
    #评估模型
    model.load_model(file_path='./data/me.face.model.h5')
model.evaluate(dataset)

face_test.py(抓怕人脸与识别身份)

import cv2
from face_train import Model
import face_dataset

if __name__ == '__main__':
    # 加载模型
    model = Model()
    model.load_model(file_path='./data/me.face.model.h5')

    # 框住人脸的矩形边框颜色
    color = (0, 255, 0)

    # 捕获指定摄像头的实时视频流
    camera = cv2.VideoCapture(0)

    # 人脸识别分类器本地存储路径
    cascade_path = "E:/anaconda/Anaconda3/pkgs/libopencv-3.4.2-h20b85fd_0/Library/etc/haarcascades/haarcascade_frontalface_alt2.xml"

    # 循环检测识别人脸
    while True:
        ret, frame = camera.read()  # 读取一帧视频

        # 图像灰化，降低计算复杂度
        gray = cv2.cvtColor(frame, cv2.COLOR_BGR2GRAY)

        # 使用人脸识别分类器，读入分类器
        cascade = cv2.CascadeClassifier(cascade_path)

        # 利用分类器识别出哪个区域为人脸
        faces = cascade.detectMultiScale(gray, 1.1, 5)
        if len(faces) > 0:
            for (x, y, w, h) in faces:
                # 截取脸部图像提交给模型识别这是谁
                image = frame[y: y + h, x: x + w]
                image=face_dataset.resize_image(image)
                faceID = model.face_predict(image)

                # 如果是“我”
                if faceID == 1:
                    cv2.rectangle(frame, (x, y), (x + w, y + h), color, thickness=2)

                    # 文字提示是谁
                    cv2.putText(frame, 'criminal',
                                (x + 30, y + 30),  # 坐标
                                cv2.FONT_HERSHEY_SIMPLEX,  # 字体
                                1,  # 字号
                                (255, 0, 255),  # 颜色
                                2)  # 字的线宽
                else:
                    cv2.rectangle(frame, (x, y), (x + w, y + h), color, thickness=2)

                    # 文字提示是谁
                    cv2.putText(frame, 'others',
                                (x + 30, y + 30),  # 坐标
                                cv2.FONT_HERSHEY_SIMPLEX,  # 字体
                                1,  # 字号
                                (255, 0, 255),  # 颜色
                                2)
        cv2.imshow("camera", frame)
        
        # 等待1毫秒看是否有按键输入
        k = cv2.waitKey(1)
        
        # 如果输入q则退出循环
        if k & 0xFF == ord('q'):
            break
            
    # 释放摄像头并销毁所有窗口
    camera.release()
cv2.destroyAllWindows()