Spring Cloud 系列文章目录
Spring Cloud学习笔记 H版&Alibaba (1/10 聚合项目创建)
Spring Cloud学习笔记 H版&Alibaba (2/10 注册中心【Eureka、Zookeeper、Consul】)
Spring Cloud学习笔记 H版&Alibaba (3/10 负载均衡【Ribbon、OpenFeign】)
Spring Cloud学习笔记 H版&Alibaba (4/10 断路器【Hystrix】)
Spring Cloud学习笔记 H版&Alibaba (5/10 网关【Gateway】)
Spring Cloud学习笔记 H版&Alibaba (6/10 服务配置【Config】与消息总线【Bus】)
Spring Cloud学习笔记 H版&Alibaba (7/10 消息驱动【Stream】与分布式请求链路追踪【Sleuth】)
Spring Cloud学习笔记 H版&Alibaba (8/10 服务注册和配置中心【Nacos】)
Spring Cloud学习笔记 H版&Alibaba (9/10 熔断与限流【Sentinel】)
Spring Cloud学习笔记 H版&Alibaba (10/10 分布式事务处理【Seata】)
1. Spring Cloud 简介
springcloud官方文档（Hoxton SR5）
springcloud中文网
源码地址
官网
springcloud中文文档
什么是微服务
● 微服务是一种架构风格
● 一个应用拆分为一组小型服务
● 每个服务运行在自己的进程内，也就是可独立部署和升级
● 服务之间使用轻量级HTTP交互
● 服务围绕业务功能拆分
● 可以由全自动部署机制独立部署
● 去中心化，服务自治。服务可以使用不同的语言、不同的存储技术
分布式微服务架构-落地维度
● 服务调用
● 服务降级
● 服务注册与发先
● 服务熔断
● 负载均衡
● 服务消息队列
● 服务网关
● 配置中心管理
● 自动化构建部署
● 服务监控
● 全链路追踪
● 服务定时任务
● 调度操作
Spring Cloud 是什么？
SpringCloud = 分布式微服务架构的站式解决方案，是多种微服务架构落地技术的集合体，俗称微服务全家桶
SpringCloud俨然已成为微服务开发的主流技术栈，在国内开发者社区非常火爆。
Spring Cloud技术栈：
2. 技术选型和Cloud组件停更说明
Spring Boot 与 Spring Cloud 兼容性查看
接下来开发用到的组件版本：
● Cloud - Hoxton.SR1
● Boot - 2.2.2.RELEASE
● Cloud Alibaba - 2.1.0.RELEASE
● Java - Java 8
● Maven - 3.5及以上
● MySQL - 5.7及以上
Cloud组件停更说明：
3. 父工程Project空间新建
3.1 父工程创建
约定 > 配置 > 编码
创建微服务cloud整体聚合父工程Project，有8个关键步骤：
- New Project - maven工程 - create from archetype: maven-archetype-site
- 聚合总父工程名字
- Maven选版本
- 工程名字
- 字符编码 - Settings - File encoding
- 注解生效激活 - Settings - Annotation Processors
- Java编译版本选8
- File Type过滤 - Settings - File Type
3.2 父工程pom文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>com.lun</groupId>
<artifactId>LearnCloud</artifactId>
<version>1.0.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
<packaging>pom</packaging><!-- 这里添加，注意不是jar或war -->
<!-- 统一管理jar包版本 -->
<properties>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
<maven.compiler.source>1.8</maven.compiler.source>
<maven.compiler.target>1.8</maven.compiler.target>
<junit.version>4.12</junit.version>
<log4j.version>1.2.17</log4j.version>
<lombok.version>1.16.18</lombok.version>
<mysql.version>5.1.47</mysql.version>
<druid.version>1.1.16</druid.version>
<mybatis.spring.boot.version>1.3.0</mybatis.spring.boot.version>
</properties>
<!-- 子模块继承之后，提供作用：
锁定版本+子modlue不用写groupId和version -->
<dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
<!--spring boot 2.2.2-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>2.2.2.RELEASE</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
<!--spring cloud Hoxton.SR1-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>Hoxton.SR1</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
<!--spring cloud alibaba 2.1.0.RELEASE-->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-alibaba-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>2.1.0.RELEASE</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
<version>${mysql.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
<artifactId>druid</artifactId>
<version>${druid.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
<version>${mybatis.spring.boot.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>${junit.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>log4j</groupId>
<artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
<version>${log4j.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
<artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
<version>${lombok.version}</version>
<optional>true</optional>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
<configuration>
<fork>true</fork>
<addResources>true</addResources>
</configuration>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
3.3 复习DependencyManagement和Dependencies
Maven使用dependencyManagement元素来提供了一种管理依赖版本号的方式。
通常会在一个组织或者项目的最顶层的父POM中看到dependencyManagement元素。
使用pom.xml中的dependencyManagement元素能让所有在子项目中引用个依赖而不用显式的列出版本量。
Maven会沿着父子层次向上走，直到找到一个拥有dependencyManagement元素的项目，然后它就会使用这个dependencyManagement元素中指定的版本号。
<dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>mysq1</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
<version>5.1.2</version>
</dependency>
<dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>
然后在子项目里就可以添加 mysql-connector 时可以不指定版本号，例如：
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>mysq1</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
这样做的好处就是：如果有多个子项目都引用同一样依赖，则可以避免在每个使用的子项目里都声明一个版本号，这样当想升级或切换到另一个版本时，只需要在顶层父容器里更新，而不需要一个一个子项目的修改；另外如果某个子项目需要另外的一个版本，只需要声明version就可。
● dependencyManagement里只是声明依赖，并不实现引入，因此子项目需要显示的声明需要用的依赖。
● 如果不在子项目中声明依赖，是不会从父项目中继承下来的；只有在子项目中写了该依赖项,并且没有指定具体版本，才会从父项目中继承该项，并且version和scope都读取自父pom。
● 如果子项目中指定了版本号，那么会使用子项目中指定的jar版本。
IDEA右侧旁的Maven插件有Toggle ’ Skip Tests’ Mode按钮，这样maven可以跳过单元测试。
父工程创建完成执行mvn : install将父工程发布到仓库方便子工程继承。
4. Rest微服务工程构建
创建微服务模块套路：
- 建Module
- 改POM
- 写YML
- 主启动
- 业务类
创建cloud-provider-payment8001微服务提供者支付Module模块：
4.1 支付模块构建
4.1.1 建Module
建名为cloud-provider-payment8001的Maven工程
4.1.2 改POM
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<parent>
<artifactId>LearnCloud</artifactId>
<groupId>com.lun</groupId>
<version>1.0.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
</parent>
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<artifactId>cloud-provider-payment8001</artifactId>
<dependencies>
<!--包含了sleuth+zipkin-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-zipkin</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!--eureka-client-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!-- 引入自己定义的api通用包，可以使用Payment支付Entity -->
<!--
<dependency>
<groupId>com.atguigu.springcloud</groupId>
<artifactId>cloud-api-commons</artifactId>
<version>${project.version}</version>
</dependency>
-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
<artifactId>druid-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
<version>1.1.10</version>
</dependency>
<!--mysql-connector-java-->
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!--jdbc-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-jdbc</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
<scope>runtime</scope>
<optional>true</optional>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
<artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
<optional>true</optional>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</project>
4.1.3 写 YML
server:
port: 8001
spring:
application:
name: cloud-payment-service
datasource:
type: com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource # 当前数据源操作类型
driver-class-name: org.gjt.mm.mysql.Driver # mysql驱动包
url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/my?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf-8&useSSL=false
username: root
password: 1234
mybatis:
mapperLocations: classpath:mapper/*.xml
type-aliases-package: com.lun.springcloud.entities # 所有Entity别名类所在包
4.1.4 主启动
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
@SpringBootApplication
public class PaymentMain001 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(PaymentMain001.class, args);
}
}
4.1.5 业务类
SQL
CREATE TABLE `payment`(
`id` bigint(20) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT COMMENT 'ID',
`serial` varchar(200) DEFAULT '',
PRIMARY KEY (id)
)ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=1 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4
实体类Payment：
import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
import lombok.Data;
import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;
import java.io.Serializable;
@Data
@AllArgsConstructor
@NoArgsConstructor
public class Payment implements Serializable {
private Long id;
private String serial;
}
JSON封装体CommonResult：
import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
import lombok.Data;
import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;
@Data
@AllArgsConstructor
@NoArgsConstructor
public class CommonResult<T>{
private Integer code;
private String message;
private T data;
public CommonResult(Integer code, String message){
this(code, message, null);
}
}
接口PaymentDao：
import com.atguigu.springcloud.entities.Payment;
import org.apache.ibatis.annotations.Mapper;
import org.apache.ibatis.annotations.Param;
/**
*/
@Mapper
//@Repository不用Spring的
public interface PaymentDao
{
public int create(Payment payment);
public Payment getPaymentById(@Param("id") Long id);
}
MyBatis映射文件PaymentMapper.xml，路径：resources/mapper/PaymentMapper.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN" "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd" >
<mapper namespace="com.lun.springcloud.dao.PaymentDao">
<insert id="create" parameterType="Payment" useGeneratedKeys="true" keyProperty="id">
insert into payment(serial) values(#{serial});
</insert>
<resultMap id="BaseResultMap" type="com.lun.springcloud.entities.Payment">
<id column="id" property="id" jdbcType="BIGINT"/>
<id column="serial" property="serial" jdbcType="VARCHAR"/>
</resultMap>
<select id="getPaymentById" parameterType="Long" resultMap="BaseResultMap">
select * from payment where id=#{id};
</select>
</mapper>
接口PaymentService
import com.lun.springcloud.entities.Payment;
import org.apache.ibatis.annotations.Param;
/**
*/
public interface PaymentService
{
public int create(Payment payment);
public Payment getPaymentById(@Param("id") Long id);
}
实现类
import com.lun.springcloud.dao.PaymentDao;
import com.lun.springcloud.entities.Payment;
import com.lun.springcloud.service.PaymentService;
import org.apache.ibatis.annotations.Param;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import javax.annotation.Resource;
/**
*/
@Service
public class PaymentServiceImpl implements PaymentService
{
@Resource
private PaymentDao paymentDao;
public int create(Payment payment)
{
return paymentDao.create(payment);
}
public Payment getPaymentById(Long id)
{
return paymentDao.getPaymentById(id);
}
}
Controller
import com.lun.springcloud.entities.CommonResult;
import com.lun.springcloud.entities.Payment;
import com.lun.springcloud.service.PaymentService;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.ServiceInstance;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.DiscoveryClient;
import javax.annotation.Resource;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
/**
*/
@RestController
@Slf4j
public class PaymentController{
@Resource
private PaymentService paymentService;
@PostMapping(value = "/payment/create")
public CommonResult create(@RequestBody Payment payment)
{
int result = paymentService.create(payment);
log.info("*****插入结果："+result);
if(result > 0)
{
return new CommonResult(200,"插入数据库成功,serverPort: "+serverPort,result);
}else{
return new CommonResult(444,"插入数据库失败",null);
}
}
@GetMapping(value = "/payment/get/{id}")
public CommonResult<Payment> getPaymentById(@PathVariable("id") Long id)
{
Payment payment = paymentService.getPaymentById(id);
if(payment != null)
{
return new CommonResult(200,"查询成功,serverPort: "+serverPort,payment);
}else{
return new CommonResult(444,"没有对应记录,查询ID: "+id,null);
}
}
}
4.1.6 测试
- 浏览器 - http://localhost:8001/payment/get/1
- Postman - http://localhost:8001/payment/create?serial=lun2
4.2 热部署
开发时使用，生产环境关闭
（1）Adding devtools to your project
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
<scope>runtime</scope>
<optional>true</optional>
</dependency>
（2）Adding plugin to your pom.xml
下段配置复制到聚合父类总工程的pom.xml
<build>
<!--
<finalName>你的工程名</finalName>（单一工程时添加）
-->
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
<configuration>
<fork>true</fork>
<addResources>true</addResources>
</configuration>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
（3）Enabling automatic build
File -> Settings(New Project Settings->Settings for New Projects) ->Compiler
下面项勾选：
● Automatically show first error in editor
● Display notification on build completion
● Build project automatically
● Compile independent modules in parallel
（4）Update the value of
键入Ctrl + Shift + Alt + / ，打开Registry，勾选：
● compiler.automake.allow.when.app.running
● actionSystem.assertFocusAccessFromEdt
（5）重启IDEA
4.3 消费模块构建
4.3.1 建Module
创建名为cloud-consumer-order80的maven工程。
4.3.2 改POM
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<parent>
<artifactId>LearnCloud</artifactId>
<groupId>com.lun</groupId>
<version>1.0.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
</parent>
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<artifactId>cloud-consumer-order80</artifactId>
<properties>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
<maven.compiler.source>1.7</maven.compiler.source>
<maven.compiler.target>1.7</maven.compiler.target>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
<scope>runtime</scope>
<optional>true</optional>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
<artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
<optional>true</optional>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</project>
4.3.3 写YML
server:
port: 80
4.3.4 主启动
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
/**
* Hello world!
*
*/
@SpringBootApplication
public class OrderMain80
{
public static void main( String[] args ){
SpringApplication.run(OrderMain80.class, args);
}
}
4.3.5 业务类
实体类：
import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
import lombok.Data;
import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;
import java.io.Serializable;
@Data
@AllArgsConstructor
@NoArgsConstructor
public class Payment implements Serializable {
private Long id;
private String serial;
}
import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
import lombok.Data;
import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;
@Data
@AllArgsConstructor
@NoArgsConstructor
public class CommonResult<T>{
private Integer code;
private String message;
private T data;
public CommonResult(Integer code, String message){
this(code, message, null);
}
}
控制层：
import com.lun.springcloud.entities.CommonResult;
import com.lun.springcloud.entities.Payment;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;
import javax.annotation.Resource;
@Slf4j
@RestController
public class OrderController {
public static final String PAYMENT_URL = "http://localhost:8001";
@Resource
private RestTemplate restTemplate;
@GetMapping("/consumer/payment/create")
public CommonResult<Payment> create(Payment payment){
return restTemplate.postForObject(PAYMENT_URL+"/payment/create", payment, CommonResult.class);
}
@GetMapping("/consumer/payment/get/{id}")
public CommonResult<Payment> getPayment(@PathVariable("id") Long id){
return restTemplate.getForObject(PAYMENT_URL+"/payment/get/"+id, CommonResult.class);
}
}
配置类：
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;
@Configuration
public class ApplicationContextConfig {
@Bean
public RestTemplate getRestTemplate(){
return new RestTemplate();
}
}
4.3.6 测试
运行cloud-consumer-order80与cloud-provider-payment8001两工程
浏览器 - http://localhost/consumer/payment/get/1
RestTemplate
RestTemplate提供了多种便捷访问远程Http服务的方法，是一种简单便捷的访问restful服务模板类，是Spring提供的用于访问Rest服务的客户端模板工具集
官网地址
- 使用restTemplate访问restful接口非常的简单粗暴无脑。
- (url, requestMap, ResponseBean.class)这三个参数分别代表，REST请求地址、请求参数、HTTP响应转换被转换成的对象类型。
4.4 工程重构
观察cloud-consumer-order80与cloud-provider-payment8001两工程有重复代码（entities包下的实体）（坏味道），重构。
4.4.1 新建 - cloud-api-commons
4.4.2 POM
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<parent>
<artifactId>LearnCloud</artifactId>
<groupId>com.lun.springcloud</groupId>
<version>1.0.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
</parent>
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<artifactId>cloud-api-commons</artifactId>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
<scope>runtime</scope>
<optional>true</optional>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
<artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
<optional>true</optional>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>cn.hutool</groupId>
<artifactId>hutool-all</artifactId>
<version>5.1.0</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</project>
4.4.3 entities
将cloud-consumer-order80与cloud-provider-payment8001两工程的公有entities包移至cloud-api-commons工程下。
4.4.4 maven
maven clean、install cloud-api-commons工程，以供给cloud-consumer-order80与cloud-provider-payment8001两工程调用。
4.4.5 订单80和支付8001分别改造
- 将cloud-consumer-order80与cloud-provider-payment8001两工程的公有entities包移除
- 引入cloud-api-commons依赖
<dependency>
<groupId>com.lun.springcloud</groupId>
<artifactId>cloud-api-commons</artifactId>
<version>${project.version}</version>
</dependency>
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