Java中统一异常处理(全局异常、自定义异常)

spring boot 默认情况下会映射到 /error 进行异常处理，但是提示并不十分友好，下面自定义异常处理，提供友好展示。

创建统一返回结果类

/**
 * 全局统一返回结果类
 */
@Data
@ApiModel(value = "全局统一返回结果")
public class Result<T> {

    @ApiModelProperty(value = "返回码")
    private Integer code;

    @ApiModelProperty(value = "返回消息")
    private String message;

    @ApiModelProperty(value = "返回数据")
    private T data;

    public Result() {
    }

    protected static <T> Result<T> build(T data) {
        Result<T> result = new Result<T>();
        if (data != null) {
            result.setData(data);
        }
        return result;
    }

    public static <T> Result<T> build(T body, ResultCodeEnum resultCodeEnum) {
        Result<T> result = build(body);
        result.setCode(resultCodeEnum.getCode());
        result.setMessage(resultCodeEnum.getMessage());
        return result;
    }

    public static <T> Result<T> build(Integer code, String message) {
        Result<T> result = build(null);
        result.setCode(code);
        result.setMessage(message);
        return result;
    }

    public static <T> Result<T> ok() {
        return Result.ok(null);
    }

    /**
     * 操作成功
     *
     * @param data
     * @param <T>
     * @return
     */
    public static <T> Result<T> ok(T data) {
        Result<T> result = build(data);
        return build(data, ResultCodeEnum.SUCCESS);
    }

    public static <T> Result<T> fail() {
        return Result.fail(null);
    }

    /**
     * 操作失败
     *
     * @param data
     * @param <T>
     * @return
     */
    public static <T> Result<T> fail(T data) {
        Result<T> result = build(data);
        return build(data, ResultCodeEnum.FAIL);
    }

    public Result<T> message(String msg) {
        this.setMessage(msg);
        return this;
    }

    public Result<T> code(Integer code) {
        this.setCode(code);
        return this;
    }

    public boolean isOk() {
        if (this.getCode().intValue() == ResultCodeEnum.SUCCESS.getCode().intValue()) {
            return true;
        }
        return false;
    }
}

添加全局异常处理类

一般我们在commonl模块中添加全局异常处理类

/**
 * 全局异常处理类
 *
 */
@ControllerAdvice
public class GlobalExceptionHandler {

    @ExceptionHandler(Exception.class)//指定异常类型(什么异常执行这个方法，也可以指定自定义异常)
    @ResponseBody//此注解用于输出json格式异常结果
    public Result error(Exception e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
        //返回的结果
        return Result.fail();
    }
	
	//自定义异常
    @ExceptionHandler(CustomException.class)
    @ResponseBody
    public Result error(CustomException e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
        return Result.fail();
    }
}

自定义异常类

我们在搭建模块时在common模块新建CustomException类。

/**
 * 自定义全局异常类
 *
 * @author qy
 */
@Data
@ApiModel(value = "自定义全局异常类")//Swagger注解
public class CustomException extends RuntimeException {

    @ApiModelProperty(value = "异常状态码")
    private Integer code;

    /**
     * 通过状态码和错误消息创建异常对象
     *
     * @param message
     * @param code
     */
    public CustomException(String message, Integer code) {
        super(message);
        this.code = code;
    }

    /**
     * 接收枚举类型对象
     *
     * @param resultCodeEnum
     */
    public CustomException(ResultCodeEnum resultCodeEnum) {
        super(resultCodeEnum.getMessage());
        this.code = resultCodeEnum.getCode();
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "CustomException{" +
                "code=" + code +
                ", message=" + this.getMessage() +
                '}';
    }
}

注意：自定义异常系统不会自动抛出，只能自己手动抛出

try {
	int a =1/0;
}catch (Exception e){
	throw new YyghException("失败",201);
}

集成测试

手动在controller任意方法制造异常（int i = 1/0），添加GlobalExceptionHandler类与不添加这个类区别

未作全局异常时，如下这种提示很不友好

{
  "timestamp": "2022-10-10 17:26:33",
  "status": 500,
  "error": "Internal Server Error",
  "message": "/ by zero",
  "trace": "java.lang.ArithmeticException: / by zero\r\n\tat com.atguigu.yygh.hosp.controller.HospitalSetController.getHospSet(HospitalSetController.java:99)\r\n\tat sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)\r\n\tat sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)\r\n\tat sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)\r\n\tat java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498)\r\n\tat org.springframework.web.method.support.InvocableHandlerMethod.doInvoke(InvocableHandlerMethod.java:190)\r\n\tat org.springframework.web.method.support.InvocableHandlerMethod.invokeForRequest(InvocableHandlerMethod.java:138)\r\n\tat org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.ServletInvocableHandlerMethod.invokeAndHandle(ServletInvocableHandlerMethod.java:106)\r\n\tat org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.RequestMappingHandlerAdapter.invokeHandlerMethod(RequestMappingHandlerAdapter.java:888)\r\n\tat org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.RequestMappingHandlerAdapter.handleInternal(RequestMappingHandlerAdapter.java:793)\r\n\tat org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.AbstractHandlerMethodAdapter.handle(AbstractHandlerMethodAdapter.java:87)\r\n\tat org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet.doDispatch(DispatcherServlet.java:1040)\r\n\tat org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet.doService(DispatcherServlet.java:943)\r\n\tat org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.processRequest(FrameworkServlet.java:1006)\r\n\tat org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.doGet(FrameworkServlet.java:898)\r\n\tat javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:634)\r\n\tat org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.service(FrameworkServlet.java:883)\r\n\tat javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:741)\r\n\tat org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:231)\r\n\tat org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:166)\r\n\tat org.apache.tomcat.websocket.server.WsFilter.doFilter(WsFilter.java:53)\r\n\tat org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:193)\r\n\tat org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:166)\r\n\tat org.springframework.web.filter.RequestContextFilter.doFilterInternal(RequestContextFilter.java:100)\r\n\tat org.springframework.web.filter.OncePerRequestFilter.doFilter(OncePerRequestFilter.java:119)\r\n\tat org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:193)\r\n\tat org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:166)\r\n\tat org.springframework.web.filter.FormContentFilter.doFilterInternal(FormContentFilter.java:93)\r\n\tat org.springframework.web.filter.OncePerRequestFilter.doFilter(OncePerRequestFilter.java:119)\r\n\tat org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:193)\r\n\tat org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:166)\r\n\tat org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter.doFilterInternal(CharacterEncodingFilter.java:201)\r\n\tat org.springframework.web.filter.OncePerRequestFilter.doFilter(OncePerRequestFilter.java:119)\r\n\tat org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:193)\r\n\tat org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:166)\r\n\tat org.apache.catalina.core.StandardWrapperValve.invoke(StandardWrapperValve.java:202)\r\n\tat org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContextValve.invoke(StandardContextValve.java:96)\r\n\tat org.apache.catalina.authenticator.AuthenticatorBase.invoke(AuthenticatorBase.java:526)\r\n\tat org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHostValve.invoke(StandardHostValve.java:139)\r\n\tat org.apache.catalina.valves.ErrorReportValve.invoke(ErrorReportValve.java:92)\r\n\tat org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngineValve.invoke(StandardEngineValve.java:74)\r\n\tat org.apache.catalina.connector.CoyoteAdapter.service(CoyoteAdapter.java:343)\r\n\tat org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11Processor.service(Http11Processor.java:408)\r\n\tat org.apache.coyote.AbstractProcessorLight.process(AbstractProcessorLight.java:66)\r\n\tat org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol$ConnectionHandler.process(AbstractProtocol.java:861)\r\n\tat org.apache.tomcat.util.net.NioEndpoint$SocketProcessor.doRun(NioEndpoint.java:1579)\r\n\tat org.apache.tomcat.util.net.SocketProcessorBase.run(SocketProcessorBase.java:49)\r\n\tat java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1149)\r\n\tat java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:624)\r\n\tat org.apache.tomcat.util.threads.TaskThread$WrappingRunnable.run(TaskThread.java:61)\r\n\tat java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:748)\r\n",
  "path": "/admin/hosp/hospitalSet/getHospSet/2"
}

添加全局异常后

{
  "code": 201,
  "message": "失败",
  "data": null,
  "ok": false
}

设置自定义异常后

{
  "code": 201,
  "message": "失败",
  "data": null,
  "ok": false
}